利他合同中的第三人问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 08:26

【摘要】：利他合同作为合同相对性原则的例外，已经被大多数现代国家确立为合同法中的一项独立的法律制度。其与普通合同最大的区别是，合同双方可以互相约定，由一方向合同以外的第三方为给付，，而该第三方通过合同缔约方的合意直接取得对于该项给付的请求权。因此，该第三方在利他合同中的地位以及所涉及到的法律问题是研究利他合同的最关键问题。本文正文分为五章：第一章首先对利他合同的概念进行分析，界定利他合同和广义的利他合同、基础合同和第三人利益约款的区别和联系，以及利他合同涉及到的三方：受诺人、承诺人和第三人之间的法律关系。第二章探讨第三人地位的取得。这一章分两个部分。第一部分分析第三人利益合同有效成立的条件。第二部分分析第三人取得权利的方式。这一章重点运用比较法的视角探讨了诸如合同意图的判定、第三人是否需要具有权利能力及行为能力等问题，并比较了各国关于第三人权利取得方式的不同制度之间的区别和优劣。第三章探讨了第三人具体权利的内容。包括属于债权权能的给付请求权、受领给付的权利、处分权、救济权；以及不属于债权权能的免除权。第四章探讨了第三人的义务。这一章首先确定第三人在利他合同中可以负担一些附带性的义务，然后讨论第三人可能负担义务的情形，包括：第三人权利取得附延缓条件的义务、附随义务及给付义务。第五章探讨了第三人和利他合同的履行障碍问题。这一章以合同履行障碍的不同情形进行展开，重点分析了第三人对受诺人及承诺人行使撤销权和解除权的限制，以及当合同不成立、无效和被撤销时，第三人不当得利的返还问题。
[Abstract]:As an exception to the principle of relativity of contract, altruistic contract has been established as an independent legal system in contract law in most modern countries. The biggest difference between the contract and the ordinary contract is that the parties to the contract may agree to each other and pay by a third party other than the party to the contract, and the third party directly acquires the right of claim for the payment of the contract through the agreement of the contracting party. Therefore, the position of the third party in the altruistic contract and the legal issues involved are the most important issues in the study of altruistic contract. The text of this paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter analyzes the concept of altruistic contract, defines the difference and connection between altruistic contract and broad altruistic contract, basic contract and third party benefit contract. And the three parties involved in the altruistic contract: the legal relationship between the promisee, the promise and the third party. The second chapter discusses the status of the third party. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the conditions for the effective establishment of the third party interest contract. The second part analyzes the way in which the third party acquires the right. This chapter focuses on using the perspective of comparative law to explore issues such as the determination of contract intent, whether the third party needs to have the right capacity and the capacity to act, and so on. It also compares the differences and advantages between different systems about the way of obtaining the third party's rights. The third chapter discusses the content of the third party's specific right. It includes the right of claim, the right of receiving payment, the right of disposition, the right of relief, and the right of exemption from the power of creditor's rights. The fourth chapter discusses the obligations of the third party. This chapter first determines that the third party can bear some incidental obligations in the altruistic contract, and then discusses the circumstances in which the third party may bear the obligation, including the obligation of the third party to acquire the right to obtain a stay, the collateral obligation and the obligation to pay. Chapter five discusses the obstacle of the third party and altruistic contract. This chapter focuses on the third party's restriction on the right of rescission and rescission by the third party, and when the contract is not established, invalidated and cancelled, this chapter is based on the different situations of the obstacle to the performance of the contract, and analyzes the limitation of the third party on the exercise of the right of rescission and rescission of the contract. The return of the third party to improper enrichment.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D913

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