论保险合同中不利解释原则及其适用

发布时间：2018-08-11 21:27

【摘要】：不利解释原则是我国保险法规定的重要法律解释原则，对于实现公平正义具有重要意义。它一方面限制了保险人滥用特许经营权，防范道德风险，贯彻最大诚信原则等都起到了积极的作用，另一方面，不利解释原则在适用过程中也出现很多不符合公平正义的问题。这主要源于我国立法上混淆了一个概念并且对不利解释原则适用的条件没有做具体规定。但总得来说，不利解释原则的产生是有积极的意义，如果能积极探讨不利解释原则理论以及适用的条件，得出其适用的条件将对我国司法实践具有重要意义。本文主要研究不利解释原则及其适用问题，包括五个部分内容：第一部分为导论。导论部分主要介绍本文写作的动机以及研究的方法，归纳国内外研究者对于不利解释原则的观点以及看法。第二部分分节介绍了不利解释原则的产生、发展及其理论基础。学界大多数学者对于不利解释原则持折中态度，本文也持此观点，即对于不利解释原则解释说必须要采用限制适用的方法。第三部分介绍了合同法一般解释原则以及保险法特殊解释原则。在本文中，作者并没有同意不利解释原则的第二位性，反而肯定地认为其第一位性，这种第一位性是由法律解释思维的过程决定。第四部分主要分析了歧义与争议的区别，具体列举了几类保险合同的适用办法。第五部分是文章结论。结论部分概括了各章观点以及全文观点。本文认为，应当正确理解不利解释原则，，并合理适用不利解释原则。正确适用不利解释原则应当对文本歧义、保险产品合同化性、保险人强势性综合判断。
[Abstract]:The principle of unfavorable interpretation is an important principle of legal interpretation stipulated in China's Insurance Law, which is of great significance to the realization of fairness and justice. On the one hand, it restricts the insurer from abusing franchise, preventing moral hazard, and carrying out the principle of maximum good faith, etc. On the other hand, there are many problems that do not accord with fairness and justice in the application of unfavorable interpretation principle. This is mainly due to the confusion of a concept in our legislation and the lack of specific provisions on the conditions for the application of the unfavorable interpretation principle. But generally speaking, the emergence of unfavorable interpretation principle is of positive significance. If we can actively discuss the theory of unfavorable interpretation principle and the applicable conditions, it will be of great significance to our country's judicial practice to find out the conditions of its application. This paper mainly studies the principle of unfavorable interpretation and its application, including five parts: the first part is an introduction. The introduction mainly introduces the motivation and research methods of this paper, and summarizes the viewpoints and opinions of domestic and foreign researchers on the unfavorable interpretation principle. The second part introduces the emergence, development and theoretical basis of unfavorable interpretation principle. The majority of scholars hold a compromise attitude towards the principle of unfavorable interpretation, and this paper also holds this view, that is, to interpret the principle of unfavorable interpretation, we must adopt the method of limiting application. The third part introduces the general interpretation principle of contract law and the special interpretation principle of insurance law. In this paper, the author does not agree with the second priority of the principle of unfavorable interpretation, but affirms that it is the first priority, which is determined by the process of thinking of legal interpretation. The fourth part mainly analyzes the difference between ambiguity and dispute, and enumerates some applicable methods of insurance contract. The fifth part is the conclusion of the article. The conclusion part summarizes the views of each chapter and the whole text. This paper holds that the principle of unfavorable interpretation should be understood correctly and the principle of unfavorable interpretation should be reasonably applied. The correct application of the unfavorable interpretation principle should judge the ambiguity of the text, the contractual nature of the insurance product and the strength of the insurer.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.284;D923.6

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