我国反垄断法适用惩罚性赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 12:42

【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿制度作为起源于英美法系的一项重要制度,经过长期的发展与完善,已经在包括大陆法系国家在内的许多国家得到了适用。我国目前在《消费者权益保护法》、《食品安全法》、《合同法》等法律中也规定了惩罚性赔偿制度。美国及我国台湾地区的反垄断法适用了惩罚性赔偿制度并取得了较好的现实效果。我国于2008年8月1日开始生效的《反垄断法》中并没有规定惩罚性赔偿制度,加之该法中有关反垄断执法机构及其权限职责方面所存在的问题,使得该法能否有效发挥其作用,实现立法目标受到广泛的质疑,理论界也开始了对于我国反垄断法中引入惩罚性赔偿制度的探讨。本文在对惩罚性赔偿制度的内涵与功能做必要的阐述的基础上,首先论证了我国反垄断法中适用惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性与可行性问题。根据我国现行反垄断法第50条的规定,受害人遭受垄断不法行为的侵害只能向垄断经营者主张补偿性的赔偿,再加上处于弱势不利地位的受害人本身就存在的举证困难之现实,显然对处于强势经济地位的垄断经营者无法起到事前吓阻之作用,无法有效地遏阻垄断不法行为的发生。惩罚性赔偿制度适用的目标价值与经济法社会本位的价值要求高度统一,再加上它所具有的事前干预以遏阻不法行为发生的强大功能,我们理应对我国反垄断法引入惩罚性赔偿制度持乐观支持的态度。何况,即使是该制度的适用可能产生的过度威慑等弊端,也能通过具体制度适用方面的一些限制加以消除。在阐述了在我国反垄断法中适用惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性与可行性之后,笔者通过对英美法系及大陆法系主要国家关于惩罚性赔偿制度适用的对比分析,结合我国现实,重点分析、探索了我国反垄断法中适用惩罚性赔偿制度下原告主体资格及赔偿数额确定方面的制度设计问题。本文的正文分为四大部分,第一部分,归纳分析惩罚性赔偿制度的的含义、适用范围、构成要件和功能,为第二部分论证进行必要的理论铺垫；第二部分,论证惩罚性赔偿制度在我国反垄断法中适用的必要性与可行性。文章中,笔者阐述了现行反垄断法中适用补偿性赔偿的不足、惩罚性赔偿制度可以适用于反垄断法的法理分析、惩罚性赔偿制度适用于反垄断法的优势以及惩罚性赔偿制度适用之弊端分析四个问题,得出在我国反垄断法中适用惩罚性赔偿制度是必要和可行的；第三部分,从惩罚性赔偿私人诉讼主体资格、惩罚性赔偿的构成要件、惩罚性赔偿数额的确定方法和反垄断执法机构在反垄断私人诉讼中的角色地位四个方面,阐述了在反垄断法中适用惩罚性赔偿制度所需要重点解决的几个问题；第四部分为结论,总结前文,得出我国在反垄断法中应该如何适用惩罚性赔偿制度。
[Abstract]:Punitive damages system, as an important system originated from Anglo-American law system, has been applied in many countries, including civil law countries, after a long period of development and improvement. At present, punitive damages are also stipulated in the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights and interests, the Law on Food Safety, the Law of contract Law and so on. The anti-monopoly law in the United States and Taiwan has applied the punitive damages system and achieved good practical results. The Anti-Monopoly Law, which came into effect on August 1, 2008, does not provide for the punitive damages system, and the problems in the law concerning anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies and their competence make the law play its role effectively. The realization of legislative objectives has been widely questioned, and the theoretical circle has also begun to explore the introduction of punitive damages in China's anti-monopoly law. On the basis of expounding the connotation and function of punitive damages system, this paper first demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of applying punitive damages system in China's anti-monopoly law. According to Article 50 of the current Anti-monopoly Law of our country, the victim can only claim compensatory compensation from the monopoly operator after being infringed by the illegal monopoly act, in addition to the fact that the victim who is in a disadvantaged position has the difficulty of proving evidence. Obviously, monopoly operators in a strong economic position can not play the role of deterring in advance, can not effectively curb the occurrence of illegal monopoly. The target value of the punitive damages system is highly consistent with the value requirement of the social standard of economic law, coupled with its powerful function of intervening in advance to deter the occurrence of illegal acts. We should take an optimistic attitude towards the introduction of punitive damages in China's anti-monopoly law. Moreover, even the disadvantages of excessive deterrence which may arise from the application of the system can be eliminated by some limitations in the application of the specific system. After expounding the necessity and feasibility of applying punitive damages system in China's anti-monopoly law, the author compares and analyzes the application of punitive damages system in the main countries of Anglo-American law system and continental law system, combining with the reality of our country. Based on the analysis, this paper probes into the system design of the plaintiff's subject qualification and the amount of compensation in the application of punitive damages system in China's anti-monopoly law. The text of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part summarizes and analyzes the meaning, scope of application, constitutive elements and functions of punitive damages system, which lays the necessary theoretical foundation for the second part of the argumentation. To demonstrate the necessity and feasibility of applying punitive damages system in China's anti-monopoly law. In the article, the author expounds the deficiency of applying compensatory compensation in the current anti-monopoly law, and the punitive damages system can be applied to the legal theory analysis of anti-monopoly law. The advantages of the punitive damages system applied to the anti-monopoly law and the disadvantages of the application of the punitive damages system are analyzed. The conclusion is that it is necessary and feasible to apply the punitive damages system in the anti-monopoly law of our country. From four aspects: the qualification of the subject of the private litigation for punitive damages, the constitutive requirements of the punitive damages, the method of determining the amount of the punitive damages and the role of the antitrust law enforcement agencies in the private antitrust litigation, This paper expounds several problems that should be solved in the application of punitive damages system in anti-monopoly law. The fourth part is the conclusion, and concludes that how to apply punitive damages system in anti-monopoly law in our country.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.29

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