民间借贷合同效力研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:15

【摘要】：从法律关系分类上看，民间借贷属于借贷合同关系。合同效力是合同关系的核心，所以民间借贷合同效力是审查民间借贷的首要问题。我国对民间借贷采取严格限制的态度，在法律上表现为对借贷主体资格的过度限制和借贷利息的强制性规定，甚至对民间借贷当事人追究刑事责任。在此基础上，司法实践中对民间借贷效力的认定倾向保守，导致大量本应有效的民间借贷合同被认定无效。实践证明，民间借贷合同过多的被认定为无效，使得社会融资成本增加，社会财富浪费。这明显不符合合同效力应当尊重当事人意思表示，违背现代合同法鼓励交易、减少无效合同的基本价值取向。有鉴于此，如何立足于民间借贷合同效力判断中的国家干预与当事人意思自由的有机统一，维持金融秩序安全、稳定，保护借贷当事人的合法权益，理应引起民法学界的高度关注。本文主要分为六个部分，各部分的主要内容分别如下：第一部分：民间借贷及民间借贷合同效力概述。第二部分：民间借贷合同效力的现行规定及评析第三部分：分析企业间借贷的效力。首先，由于银行等正规金融机构对广大中小民营企业的信贷“歧视，”企业为了缓解资金紧张，转而求助于民间借贷。尊重企业经营自主权，保障企业合法权益，促进经济的繁荣发展，应当承认企业间借贷并赋予其法律效力。其次，国家对企业间借贷的监督与管理应当谨慎，不能借助维护金融秩序稳定的需要随意介入企业的生产经营活动，干预企业的财产自由权。第四部分：分析民间借贷中高利贷的效力。根据私法自治，综合考虑各种风险确定的利率条款，即使高于银行同期同类贷款利率的合同应当有效；然而，主观上为了牟取暴利获取比市场价格高额的利息，损害受贷人的合法财产权利，危害社会稳定的合同应当无效。第五部分：分析非法集资民间借贷合同效力。民间借贷合同中涉及非法集资等刑事违法行为的，应当严格依照刑法的规定追究行为人的刑事责任；合同的效力应当依据民法以及合同法的规定，，综合强制性法律规定的目的，正确衡量法律冲突背后的利益来判断合同的效力。第六部分：对全文进行总结。
[Abstract]:From the legal relation classification, the folk loan belongs to the loan contract relation. The effectiveness of the contract is the core of the contractual relationship, so the effectiveness of the folk loan contract is the primary issue in the examination of the private loan. Our country takes the strict restriction attitude to the folk loan, displays in the law the excessive restriction to the loan main body qualification and the loan interest compulsory stipulation, even investigates the criminal responsibility to the folk loan party. On this basis, in judicial practice, the recognition of the effectiveness of private lending tend to be conservative, resulting in a large number of should be effective folk loan contracts were found invalid. Practice has proved that too many private loan contracts are considered invalid, which makes social financing cost increase and social wealth wasted. This obviously does not accord with the contract effect should respect the party intention expression, violates the modern contract law to encourage the transaction, reduces the invalid contract basic value orientation. In view of this, how to maintain the security and stability of the financial order and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the borrowing parties, based on the organic unification of the state intervention in the judgment of the effectiveness of the private lending contracts and the freedom of the parties' meaning, It should arouse the high attention of the civil law circles. This paper is divided into six parts, the main contents of each part are as follows: the first part: private lending and private lending contract effectiveness overview. The second part: the current provisions and evaluation of the validity of private lending contracts. The third part: analysis of the effectiveness of inter-firm lending. First of all, due to the bank and other formal financial institutions to the vast number of small and medium-sized private enterprises credit "discrimination," enterprises in order to ease the shortage of funds, turning to private lending. It is necessary to recognize inter-firm lending and endow it with legal effect by respecting enterprises' autonomy in operation, safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests, and promoting the prosperity and development of the economy. Secondly, the state should be cautious in its supervision and management of inter-firm lending, and should not intervene freely in the production and operation activities of enterprises and interfere with the right to property freedom by means of the need to maintain the stability of financial order. Part IV: analysis of the effectiveness of usury in private lending. Under private law autonomy, a combination of interest rate clauses determined by various risks should be considered, even if contracts that are higher than similar bank lending rates for the same period should be valid; however, subjectively, for profiteering, the interest is higher than the market price, Contracts that impair the legitimate property rights of the lender and endanger social stability shall be null and void. The fifth part: analyze the validity of private loan contract. Where a folk loan contract involves criminal offences such as illegal fund-raising, the criminal liability of the perpetrator shall be investigated strictly in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law; the validity of the contract shall be based on the provisions of the civil law and the contract law, and shall be comprehensive with the purposes stipulated in the compulsory law, Judge the effectiveness of the contract by correctly measuring the interests behind the conflict of laws. The sixth part: summarize the full text.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.6

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