买卖合同中的“交付”及“风险转移”研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 11:28

【摘要】：风险移转制度在买卖合同中意义重大,其规制了当发生不可归责于合同双方的风险时,由谁承担损失的问题,事关双方当事人的切身利益。历来有“所有权主义”和“交付主义”之争。经济效率要求将意外风险导致的损失分配给优势风险承担人或最廉价保险人。本文旨在通过对买卖合同中“交付”与“风险转移”制度的研究,从一些新角度来重新审视该理论争议问题,以期揭示《合同法》第142条在实然层面的真实内涵,并以制定《民法典》为视角,提出一些切实建议。笔者选取通说认为采取“交付主义”的三个典型：德、台民法典、及《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》,立足于实践,深入对比剖析；同时,创造性地还原“交付主义”于其诞生地——德国,运用案例模型考察各立法例在我国的体系兼容性,通过法学、经济学、博弈论等多种视角甄别最适合我国的立法模式。本文分四部分论述：第一部分,相关概念的界定。笔者从文义解释、体系解释、比较法解释等方面分析“交付”的实然涵义；并简要对“风险”及“风险负担”进行界定；第二部分,风险转移立法例。在本部分笔者适当略去立法例常识,更多关注于有所更新或笔者有不同见解的领域,如对《联合国国际货物公约》采用所谓“交付主义”的看法；第三部分,我国立法模式之争。笔者分别从解释论和立法论层面上,对“争论”详加分析,将“所有权主义”和“交付主义”两阵营进行分化,并有选择地就存异之处阐述一己之见：第四部分,所有权主义合理性论证。此处分别从经济学、法理及体系兼容性三个角度加以论证。笔者不仅创造性地将“交付主义”还原德国,还参考了“新国五条”,对商品房买卖现状深入剖析,甄别最“本土化”的立法模式。最后,本文结论部分,笔者以制定《民法典》为视角,结合实践及比较分析得出的结论提出切实可行的建议。
[Abstract]:The system of risk transfer is of great significance in the contract of sale and purchase. It regulates the problem of who should bear the loss when the risk cannot be attributed to both parties of the contract, which is related to the vital interests of both parties. There has always been a dispute between ownership and delivery. Economic efficiency requires that losses caused by unexpected risks be allocated to the superior risk taker or the cheapest insurer. Through the study of the system of "delivery" and "risk transfer" in the contract of sale and purchase, this paper reexamines the theoretical controversy from some new angles, in order to reveal the true connotation of Article 142 of contract Law at the level of reality. From the angle of formulating the Civil Code, some practical suggestions are put forward. The author chooses three typical models of "delivery doctrine": Germany, Taiwan Civil Code and the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods, which are based on practice and deeply compared and analyzed. In this paper, the author creatively restores the "delivering doctrine" in Germany, and uses the case model to study the compatibility of various legislative cases in our country. Through the perspectives of law, economics and game theory, the author tries to identify the most suitable legislative model for our country. This article is divided into four parts: the first part, the definition of related concepts. The author analyzes the real meaning of "delivery" from the aspects of meaning interpretation, system interpretation and comparative interpretation, and briefly defines "risk" and "risk burden". The second part is the legislation of risk transfer. In this part, the author omits the common sense of legislation and pays more attention to the areas where the legislation has been updated or the author has different opinions, such as the adoption of the so-called "delivering doctrine" to the United Nations International goods Convention. The controversy of legislation pattern in our country. From the angle of explanation theory and legislation theory, the author analyzes the argument in detail, divides the two camps of "ownership" and "delivery", and selectively expounds his own views on the existence of differences: the fourth part, The rational argument of ownership doctrine. Here respectively from the economics, legal theory and system compatibility three angles to prove. The author not only creatively restores "delivery doctrine" to Germany, but also refers to "five articles of New country", deeply analyzes the current situation of commercial housing sale, and discriminates the most "localization" legislative model. Finally, in the conclusion part, the author puts forward some practical suggestions from the angle of making the Civil Code, combining the conclusion of practice and comparative analysis.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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