制造业员工关系风险成因及防范研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 16:14

【摘要】：近几年来随着制造业国内和国际市场竞争的日益加剧、经营环境的日趋复杂，企业面临着许多不确定因素和潜在风险，风险管理意识愈发得到经营者的重视。2008年劳动合同法的全面实施，令制造业的用工成本大幅提高，用工风险增大，用工难度急剧增加；同年美国次贷危机引发的全球金融风暴使制造业面临着巨大的风险，低效益、低附加值的劳动密集型制造业甚至面临着生存的危机。2009年以来，用工荒的现象频繁出现在制造业集中的珠三角地区；江浙沪等长三角众多企业也面临招工难的问题。2010年发生在外资、台资制造业的以涨薪、加强沟通、加强企业人文关怀等为诉求的大规模员工罢工事件、触目惊心的富士康连环跳楼事件等等此起彼伏。随着这一系列事件的发生，构建和谐企业的呼声越来越高，员工关系风险管理科学化迫在眉睫。本研究的主要目的是调查了解珠三角地区制造业员工关系管理现状，提取出导致员工关系风险产生的原因。并基于对员工关系风险成因的了解，，建立一系列有针对性的风险防范措施，以应对员工关系风险，实现制造业企业效益最大化，提高制造业的企业竞争力。本研究主要采用实证研究的方法，通过选择珠三角地区制造业员工作为研究对象，从企业的员工关系现状调查中利用SPSS16.0统计软件进行数据统计和分析，提取出员工关系风险的成因。调查结果显示制造业员工关系风险成因包含九类，分别为健康状况（生理及心理）、工作满意度、团队精神、组织支持、工作中的不安全感、对工作的影响、对岗位的认可、隐藏情绪的要求和领导者素质。本研究利用相关分析和回归分析研究员工关系风险源、工作的满意度及员工关系风险率之间的关联程度。结果表明：（1）员工关系风险源与工作满意度呈显著的正相关；（2）工作满意度与员工关系风险率呈显著的负相关；（3）员工关系风险源中的健康状况（生理及心理）、团队精神、组织支持、对工作的影响、对岗位的认可这几个维度与员工关系风险率呈显著的负相关。本研究还利用独立样本T检验和单因素方差分析检验人口学变量中的性别、年龄和工作年限对员工关系风险率的影响。结果显示：员工关系风险率在性别上呈显著性差异，而在年龄和工作年限上不呈显著性差异。最后基于上述员工关系风险的成因分析结果，建立员工关系风险防范措施，以帮助企业做好员工关系风险的防范，削减风险对企业运营带来的不利影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing competition in the domestic and international markets of manufacturing industry and the increasingly complex business environment, enterprises are facing many uncertain factors and potential risks. The full implementation of labor contract law in 2008 has greatly increased the labor cost of manufacturing industry, increased the risk of employment, and increased the difficulty of employment. In the same year, the global financial turmoil caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States put manufacturing industries facing enormous risks, low efficiency, low value-added labor-intensive manufacturing even facing a crisis of survival. The phenomenon of labor shortage frequently occurs in the Pearl River Delta, where the manufacturing industry is concentrated. Many enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and so on, also face the problem of employment difficulties. Massive employee strikes, such as strengthening corporate humanistic care, and the shocking chain of Foxconn jump-offs have sprung up one after another. With the occurrence of this series of events, the voice of constructing harmonious enterprise is more and more high, and the scientific management of employee relationship risk is imminent. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of employee relationship management in the manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta region and to extract the causes of employee relationship risk. Based on the understanding of the causes of employee relationship risks, a series of targeted risk prevention measures are established to deal with employee relationship risks, to maximize the benefits of manufacturing enterprises, and to improve the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises. This research mainly adopts the method of empirical research, through selecting the manufacturing workers in the Pearl River Delta as the research object, using the SPSS16.0 statistical software to carry on the data statistics and analysis from the survey of the current situation of the enterprise's employee relations. Extract the causes of employee relationship risk. The results show that there are nine causes of employee relationship risk in manufacturing industry. They are health status (physical and psychological), job satisfaction, team spirit, organizational support, job insecurity, impact on work, recognition of position. Hide emotional requirements and leadership qualities. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to study the correlation between employee relationship risk source, job satisfaction and employee relationship risk rate. The results show that: (1) there is a significant positive correlation between employee relationship risk source and job satisfaction; (2) there is a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and employee relationship risk rate; (3) health status (physiological and psychological), team spirit in employee relationship risk source. The dimensions of organizational support, job impact and post approval are negatively correlated with employee relationship risk rate. This study also uses independent sample T test and univariate ANOVA to examine the effect of sex age and working life on employee relationship risk rate in demographic variables. The results showed that the employee relationship risk rate was significantly different in gender, but not in age and working life. Finally, based on the analysis of the causes of the employee relationship risk, the paper establishes the employee relationship risk prevention measures to help enterprises to do a good job of employee relationship risk prevention, reduce the adverse impact of risk on the operation of the enterprise.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F272.92;F424

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