协议管辖及其适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 18:06

【摘要】：民诉法在经过2012年大刀阔斧的改革之后并在2015年由最高法出台了相应的司法解释。在不断地前进当中许多方面都得到了合理的调整和修正,这些制度的改革都将推动民事诉讼及其各个方面的不断成长,而协议管辖也位列其中。协议管辖的修改体现了当事人对实体权益与程序权益上的处分权。这种处分的权利表现了法的意思自治原则,也是给予了当事人更多的选择性。这次修改将国内与涉外协议管辖进行了统一,并将应诉管辖也纳入了其中,统一的协议管辖与应诉管辖的相结合使得当事人之间在进行诉讼时有了更广泛的选择,消除了内外有别的协议管辖。一直以来学界都在对该制度进行不懈的研究和探索,力求更好地实行协议管辖。但是协议管辖虽在进步,但进步之余也存在许多问题等待学者们进行研究与探讨。例如协议管辖如何形成一个如同民法等详细的基本理论的一个构造,协议管辖的生效如何进行认定等都没有一个明确的界定,而且在实践过程中对于其在制度上与其他制度的相互衔接上也存在了诸多问题,例如与管辖权转移,与立案登记制等都有许多不可忽视的矛盾。为了使得协议管辖能够更好地实现其自身的作用,对于该制度的完善更是有必要的。虽然研究的学者众多,但是协议管辖并不像仲裁协议以及合同法有着自身完整的一个体系,在适用当中也存在许多操作上的问题。笔者认为在对协议管辖的理论研究的框架梳理上以及现实当中的适用问题上都是有必要进行一个完整的研究。正因如此本文首先是对协议管辖理论体系上进行一个梳理,借鉴仲裁法和合同法当中完善的理论体系将其架构到协议管辖当中,再对我国协议管辖当下的一些矛盾问题进行分析,对这些问题进一步的给出一些修改的建议,以其能够对协议管辖献出绵薄之力。本文主要由四个部分组成。第一部分主要阐述了基本理论的体系结构,包括协议管辖的基本内涵,协议管辖的性质,协议管辖的价值,协议管辖与各管辖之间的关系等,对其进行了基本的介绍。对协议管辖的理论体系进行一个界定是因为我国对协议管辖一直都是以法条的形式表现出来,大多数学者也只是对协议管辖的修改与完善作了法条上的探讨,但是法条是比较空洞与表面化的,并没有形成完善的协议管辖的理论体系,所以在此对协议管辖的理论体系进行一个架构与梳理,以期能够为协议管辖的理论基础作出一点贡献。第二部分主要是介绍了两大法系长久以来协议管辖的发展,以及先进的一些制度规定,以期能够对我国在理论上以及适用条件上的完善有一定的启示。在运用当中大多数国家在适用上都偏向于对弱者权利的保护,我国虽然有相关条文要求在订立格式合同上要以合理的方式提醒消费者注意,但是在其他合同的订立方面还是有所欠缺,对于保障弱势方的态度还不够,以及对于协议管辖的形式上大多数国家都是采取弹性的形式要件,我国对于形式上的要求过于的严格。我国在将来对协议管辖的形式要件上有必要进行一定的扩张。第三部分主要是关于协议管辖相关规定修改前后的一个对比,在对协议管辖的适用情况的扩张上来说,协议管辖是不断进步的,在协议管辖与应诉管辖的体系安排上来说是符合逻辑的,笔者也赞同这种位置安排,但也对协议管辖进行修改之后在实践应用当中所出现的一些问题进行剖析与探讨,例如立案、移送管辖与应诉管辖之间存在的冲突与矛盾,格式合同的广泛使用导致的协议管辖的滥用等问题都是值得思考的。针对这些问题我认为相关制度之间的冲突问题在于制度没有实际的落实到位,从而引发了许多矛盾。而这些矛盾正是需要解决的。第四部分是对我国协议管辖所存在的上述问题提出一些改良的建议,主要是将立案登记制落实到位,对于应诉管辖与职权管辖和应诉管辖滥用等相关问题提出完善适用条件,增设惩戒机制等手段,以求能够为协议管辖尽到自己一份力量。
[Abstract]:The civil action law has been reformed in 2012 and the corresponding judicial interpretation was issued by the Supreme People's Law in 2015. The reform of these systems will promote the continuous growth of civil action and its various aspects, and the jurisdiction of the agreement ranks among them. The amendment of the jurisdiction of the agreement reflects the separation of the party's right to the entity's rights and interests and procedural rights and interests. The right to dispose of this kind of punishment shows the principle of autonomy of the law, and also gives the parties more selectivity. This amendment harmonizes the jurisdiction of the domestic and foreign-related agreements, and incorporates the jurisdiction as well. The combination of the unified agreement jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction allows the parties to have a wider choice between the parties and eliminate the jurisdiction of the foreign-related agreements. Scholars have been studying and exploring the system all the time, so as to better implement the jurisdiction of the agreement. However, although progress has been made in the jurisdiction of the agreement, there are many problems waiting for scholars to study and discuss. For example, how the agreement governs how to form a structure of basic theory, such as civil law, and how the entry into force of the agreement govern, there is no clear definition, and there are many problems in the course of practice in connection with other systems in the system, For example, there are many non-negligible contradictions between the transfer of jurisdiction and the registration system. In order to make the jurisdiction of the agreement better realize its own function, it is necessary to perfect the system. Although the scholars of the study are numerous, the agreement jurisdiction is not like the arbitration agreement and the contract law has its own complete system, and there are many problems in the application. The author holds that it is necessary to carry out a complete study on the framework of the theoretical research on the jurisdiction of the agreement and the application in reality. Because of this, this paper is the first to carry out a carding on the theory system of the agreement, use the perfect theoretical system from the arbitration law and the contract law to construct it into the jurisdiction of the agreement, and then analyze some contradictory problems under the jurisdiction of our country's agreement. Further recommendations on these issues are given in order to be able to give a modest contribution to the jurisdiction of the agreement. This paper consists of four parts. The first part mainly expounds the architecture of basic theory, including the basic connotation of protocol jurisdiction, the nature of the jurisdiction of the agreement, the value of the jurisdiction of the agreement, the relationship between the jurisdiction of the agreement and the jurisdiction, etc. The definition of the theory system under the jurisdiction of the agreement is because our country's jurisdiction over the agreement has always been the form of the law, most scholars have only made the discussion on the amendment and perfection of the jurisdiction of the agreement, but the law bar is relatively empty and superficial, There is no theoretical system to perfect the jurisdiction of the agreement, so a framework and combing of the theoretical system under the jurisdiction of the agreement can be made, so as to make a little contribution to the theoretical basis of the jurisdiction of the agreement. The second part mainly introduces the development of the long-term agreement of the two legal systems, and some advanced system regulations, with a view to being able to enlighten our country on the theoretical and applicable conditions. While most of the countries are biased towards the protection of the rights of the weak in their application, our country, while having the relevant provisions, requires that consumers be reminded in a reasonable manner in the conclusion of a format contract, but there is still a shortage in the conclusion of other contracts, The attitude of vulnerable parties is not enough, and most countries in the form of agreement jurisdiction are in the form of flexibility, and our country's demand for form is too strict. It is necessary for our country to expand in the future in the form of the jurisdiction of the agreement. The third part is a comparison of the modification before and after the amendment of the relevant provisions of the agreement. In the expansion of the application of the agreement, the jurisdiction of the agreement is continuous, and it is logical in the arrangement of the jurisdiction of the agreement and the system under the jurisdiction. The author also agrees with this kind of location arrangement, but also analyzes and discusses some problems in practical application after the modification of the jurisdiction of the agreement, such as the conflict and contradiction between the case-filing, the transfer jurisdiction and the jurisdiction. The widespread use of the form contract resulted in the abuse of the jurisdiction of the agreement and so on. In view of these problems, I believe that the conflict between the relevant systems is that the system is not actually implemented in place, resulting in many contradictions. These contradictions need to be solved. The fourth part is to put forward some improvement suggestions on the above mentioned problems in the jurisdiction of our country's agreement. It is mainly to put the registration system into place, perfect the applicable conditions for the issues related to the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction and the abuse of the jurisdiction, add a disciplinary mechanism and so on. in ord to be able to make every effort to deal with that agreement.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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