债权人撤销权比较分析

发布时间：2018-12-12 11:34

【摘要】：“撤销”是我国民法中出现频率很高的一词，其运用于《合同法》中的债权人撤销权时，定义为债权人对债务人所为的危害债权的行为，可请求人民法院撤销债务人所为的行为以维持债务人责任财产保障债权实现的权利。我国《合同法》首次明确规定了债权人撤销权制度，填补了债法立法的一项空白。为了建立完善的债权人撤销权制度，最高人民法院对《合同法》又做出了进一步的解释。该制度的建立和完善，突破了传统的债的相对性原理，更好的保全了债权人的债权，很好的解决了实践中长期大量存在的三角债、讨债难的现象。随着法律在实践中的适用，案件的复杂性增加以致我国的规定开始有了一定的局限性和滞后性，在理论上也存在一些不合理的地方，对此有必要在学理上进行补正。本文的第一部分主要阐述债权人撤销权的概况，包括：债权人撤销权的沿革、在各国的发展，债权人撤销权的性质的四种学说，债权人撤销权制度设立的理论基础。本文的第二部分，将债权人撤销权分别于代位权、破产撤销权，可撤销合同撤销权进行比较，，目的在于解决学习撤销权理论时可能出现的混淆。本文第三部分是本文的核心章节，从债权人撤销权构成要件的三方面进行阐述。债权人方面主要考虑债权人拥有的债权类型，以及债权与可撤销行为的时间问题。债务人方面，主要在于客观要件即诈害行为的构成和主观要件即债务人有诈害的意思。对于第三人方面，主要在于第三人的主观上是否具有恶意。本文第四部分讨论了债权人撤销权在行使上的特殊，行使的方式为诉讼，对于诉讼的性质以及诉讼当事人，笔者对比了四种学说。撤销权的行使效果，行使范围，以及行使期间也因不同的学说而有所区分。第五部分总结了笔者对我国债权人撤销权制度存在不足提出了见解并给出了改进建议。
[Abstract]:"rescission" is a term that appears frequently in the civil law of our country. When it is applied to the creditor's right of rescission in contract Law, it is defined as the act of harming the creditor's rights to the debtor. The people's court may request the people's court to revoke the behavior of the debtor in order to maintain the right of the debtor's property to guarantee the realization of the creditor's rights. The contract Law of our country for the first time clearly stipulates the system of creditor's right of rescission, and fills in a blank in the legislation of debt law. In order to establish a perfect system of creditor's right of rescission, the Supreme people's Court has made a further explanation to contract Law. The establishment and perfection of this system broke through the principle of relativity of traditional debt, better preserved creditor's rights, and solved the problem of "triangle debt" which existed for a long time in practice and difficult to collect debts. With the application of law in practice, the complexity of cases increases, so that the provisions of our country began to have some limitations and lag, in theory there are some unreasonable places, it is necessary to make up for this in theory. The first part of this paper mainly expounds the general situation of creditor's right of rescission, including: the evolution of creditor's right of rescission, the development in various countries, the four theories of the nature of creditor's right of revocation, and the theoretical basis of the establishment of creditor's right of rescission. In the second part of this paper, the creditor's right of rescission is compared with the right of subrogation, the right of bankruptcy and the right of rescission of contract, in order to solve the confusion that may appear in the study of the theory of right of rescission. The third part of this paper is the core chapter of this paper, from the creditor rescission of the three aspects of the elements. Creditors mainly consider the types of claims owned by creditors, and the time between creditor's rights and revocable acts. The debtor mainly lies in the objective element, that is, the constitution of the act of fraud and the subjective element, that is, the debtor has the intention of fraud. For the third person, mainly lies in the third person's subjective malicious. In the fourth part of this paper, the author discusses the special exercise of the creditor's right of rescission, the way to exercise it is litigation, and the author compares four theories about the nature of litigation and the litigant. The effect, scope and duration of rescission are distinguished by different theories. The fifth part summarizes the author's opinion on the deficiency of the system of creditor's rescission right and puts forward some suggestions for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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