关于竞业限制协议履行问题之研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 08:18

【摘要】：近年来,在审判实践中出现大量的竞业限制纠纷案件。竞业限制制度的实质,是为了平衡企业商业秘密的保护和劳动者自主择业权两大利益。由于对于竞业限制制度的理解不同,导致对于竞业限制协议的履行问题认识不一。我国《劳动合同法》、《最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律若干问题的解释(四)》规定了竞业限制协议履行许多方面的问题,但在用人单位支付经济补偿金的义务和劳动者履行竞业限制的义务两者顺序上,未明确说明。有关于此的理论,学界主要有“同时履行说”和“先后履行说”两种不同的代表观点。但“同时履行说”虽然增加了用人单位和劳动者的协商空间,但是鉴于劳动者在劳资市场上本身的弱者地位,该理论并没有实质的保护劳动者的权益。“先后履行说”将经济补偿金的实际给付作为劳动者履行竞业限制的前提,混淆了竞业限制的有效性和具体履行的概念,赋予了用人单位竞业限制协议生效的决定权,不利于保护劳动者的权益。对此,笔者认为,在从劳动合同解除或终止后的3个月内,可援用同时履行抗辩权理论,但3个月满后,应转而适用先履行抗辩权理论,这样便于公平合理地平衡保护劳动者和用人单位双方的权益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in the trial practice, there are a large number of non-competition dispute cases. The essence of the system is to balance the interests of the protection of business secrets and the right of workers to choose their own jobs. Due to the different understanding of the system, there are different understandings on the performance of the non-competition restriction agreement. The interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the application of law in handling cases of labor disputes (4) provides for many aspects of the implementation of the non-competition agreement, in our country's Labor contract Law, and the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the application of the law in handling labor disputes. However, in the order of the employer's obligation to pay economic compensation and the employee's obligation to fulfill the limitation of competition, it is not clearly stated. There are two kinds of theories about this: the theory of simultaneous performance and the theory of performance successively. However, the theory of "simultaneous performance" increases the bargaining space between employers and workers, but in view of the weak position of workers in the labor market, the theory does not actually protect the rights and interests of workers. The theory of successive performance regards the actual payment of economic compensation as the prerequisite for the workers to fulfill the limitation of competition, confuses the validity of the restriction of competition and the concept of specific performance, and gives the employer the right to decide on the validity of the agreement on the restriction of competition. It is detrimental to the protection of workers' rights and interests. For this reason, the author believes that the theory of concurrent performance defense can be invoked within three months after the termination or termination of the labor contract, but after the expiration of three months, the theory of the right of first performance defense should be applied instead. This is conducive to a fair and reasonable balance between the protection of workers and employers of both rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.5

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