论我国建设工程索赔制度的完善

发布时间：2018-12-31 08:04

【摘要】：因建设工程具有周期长、结构复杂、涉及面广,以及存在着众多不确定的因素,决定着建设工程索赔纠纷发生的必然性。建设工程索赔纠纷伴随着工程的进展而层出不穷。改革开放以后,中国也陆续出台了《招投标法》、《建筑法》、《合同法》等法律法规,这些法律法规构建了我国建设工程索赔的法律体系。但是由于法律规定的原则性以及滞后性,在处理相关建设工程索赔问题时,缺乏可操作性。国外针对工程索赔的研究已经很深入,已经形成了一套完整的理论体系。但我国对建设工程索赔方面的研究尚处于初步阶段,尚未形成一套完整的体系。大多数研究者是从工程管理方面入手,从项目管理及合同管理的角度来对工程索赔进行分析。对于工程索赔所依据的法律原则以及合同条款的效力方面,研究较少。而建设工程索赔所面对的更多是一些法律问题,是对于合同履行过程中双方的权利义务的确认。通过对建设工程索赔背后的法律原则剖析,研究现行法律的不足之处,对于完善立法、指导建筑施工合同条款的制定,解决双方n的争议,具有理论研究的必要性和现实的研究价值。本文主要分四个部分对我国建设工程索赔的相关制度进行分析：第一部分为建设工程索赔的基本理论。通过对建设工程程索赔的含义解读及工程索赔的分类,建设工程索赔与合同价款、违约责任、工程签证的区别与联系,以及建设工程索赔应当遵循的一般原则进行了剖析,展示了建设工程索赔的基本概念及其与相关概念的区别与联系,以及建设工程索赔的基本原理。第二部分为我国建设工程索赔相关制度及实践考察。详细介绍了我国现行的建设工程索赔相关的法律、法规、规章制度及司法解释,分析了我国常用的建筑施工合同示范文本及FIDIC施工条件中的索赔条款以及我国建设工程索赔的常见类型。第三部分为我国建设工程索赔存在的问题。分析了我国建设工程索赔立法方面存在的问题、司法实践中存在的问题、施工合同示范文本存在的问题以及承包人在建设工程索赔方面的问题。诸如存在立法疏漏及缺陷、专业法官缺失、示范文本存在瑕疵及与工程实践脱节、承包人存在错误的索赔意识及索赔水平低下等问题。第四部分为关于改进我国建设工程索赔制度的建议。针对我国建设工程索赔存在的问题,有针对性的提出了立法方面的完善建议、司法实践的完善建议、施工合同示范文本的完善建议以及改进承包人建设工程索赔水平的完善建议。希望从立法司法、使用及当事人意识等全方面进行改进,以期提高我国建设工程索赔的水平,构建我国建设工程索赔的完整体系。
[Abstract]:Because the construction project has long period, complex structure, wide coverage and many uncertain factors, it determines the inevitability of the construction project claim dispute. Along with the progress of the project, the dispute of claim for construction project emerges in endlessly. After the reform and opening up, China has issued the Law of bidding, the Law of Construction, the Law of contract Law and so on. These laws and regulations have set up the legal system of claims for construction projects in China. However, due to the principle and lag of the legal provisions, there is a lack of maneuverability in dealing with the related construction project claims. Foreign research on engineering claims has been very thorough, has formed a complete theoretical system. However, the research on construction claim in our country is still in the initial stage and has not yet formed a complete system. Most researchers begin with project management and analyze project claims from project management and contract management. Little research has been done on the legal principles and the validity of the contract terms on which the engineering claim is based. The construction project claims are faced with more legal problems, which is the confirmation of the rights and obligations of both parties in the process of contract performance. Through the analysis of the legal principle behind the construction project claim, the deficiency of the current law is studied, which can improve the legislation, guide the formulation of the construction contract terms, and resolve the dispute between the two sides. It has the necessity of theoretical research and practical research value. This paper is divided into four parts to analyze the related system of the construction project claim in China: the first part is the basic theory of the construction project claim. Based on the interpretation of the meaning of the construction project claim and the classification of the engineering claim, the difference and relation between the construction project claim and the contract price, the liability for breach of contract, the project visa, and the general principles that should be followed in the construction project claim, the article analyzes the general principles to be followed in the construction project claim. The basic concept of construction engineering claim and the difference and relation between it and related concepts, as well as the basic principle of construction engineering claim are presented. The second part is the related system and practice investigation of the construction project claim in our country. It introduces in detail the relevant laws, regulations, rules and regulations and judicial interpretation of the current construction project claims in China. This paper analyzes the common model text of construction contract in our country, the claim clause in FIDIC construction condition and the common types of construction project claim in our country. The third part is our country construction project claim existence question. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the legislation of construction engineering claims in our country, the problems in judicial practice, the problems existing in the model text of construction contracts and the problems of contractors in claims for construction projects. Such problems as legislative omission and defects, lack of professional judges, defects in the model text and its disconnection with engineering practice, false claim consciousness of the contractor and low claim level, etc. The fourth part is about improving the construction project claim system of our country. In view of the problems existing in the claim for compensation for construction projects in our country, the author puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of legislation and judicial practice. The suggestion of perfecting the model text of construction contract and improving the claim level of contractor construction project. The author hopes to improve the legislation and judicature, usage and the consciousness of the parties in order to raise the level of claims for construction projects in our country and to build a complete system of claims for claims in construction projects in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6;D922.297

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