债的保全法律制度研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 06:50

【摘要】：债的保全法律制度是债法中一项重要的法律设计,该制度突破了传统的合同相对性原理,对债权人平等受偿原则亦有所变通,这使得债权人对基于合同关系以外的第三人行使诉权成为可能。该制度给传统民法理论提出了一个全新的命题,丰富了学界关于债的保全制度的理论,进一步完善了我国债的一般担保法律制度；在实践上对规避法律,逃避债务等损害债权人利益的行为提供了强有力的法律手段,有利于债务的履行,保障债权的实现。因此,对于该制度的研究有着重要的法学与实践意义。本文以民法解释、比较分析等方法,明确了债的保全制度在整个债的保障制度的重要而又特殊的地位；梳理了两项制度的历史沿革与国外的立法现状；着重从理论和实践的双重视角,兼顾传统民法理论和外国立法的相关规定,研究和探讨债权人代位权和债权人撤销权的性质、特征、成立条件及其行使、效力等。在归纳与分析的基础上,笔者提出了关于保全制度法律规定层级过低、代位权和撤销权构成要件规定范围较窄和司法效率不高等问题。针对各项问题,笔者对其进行类型化分析。经论述,笔者粗浅的提出了提高保全制度的立法层级,以致未来在债法典中占有一席之地,而非仅仅规定于《合同法》中。在制度要件规定范围过窄的问题上,笔者将我国关于保全制度的法律规定整合并重新解构,对于已有的要件规定加以确认并分析,对于司法实践中出现的问题而又处于立法空白的问题,笔者又大胆的提出了关于法律空白弥补与完善的不成熟的法律意见。债的保全两项制度在适用规则方面采取了不同规定,笔者以公平与效率为切入口,设计了以优先受偿为原则,以“入库规则”为补充的统一适用规定,以充分保证债权人债权的实现。
[Abstract]:The legal system of debt preservation is an important legal design in debt law. This system breaks through the traditional principle of relativity of contract, and it also adapts to the principle of equal payment of creditors. This makes it possible for creditors to exercise their right of action against third parties outside the contractual relationship. This system has put forward a brand-new proposition to the traditional civil law theory, enriched the academic circles' theory about the debt preservation system, further improved the general guarantee legal system of our national debt; In practice, it provides a powerful legal means for evading the law, evading the debt and harming the interests of creditors, which is beneficial to the performance of the debt and the realization of the creditor's rights. Therefore, the study of this system has important legal and practical significance. By means of civil law interpretation and comparative analysis, this paper clarifies the important and special position of the debt preservation system in the whole debt protection system, combs the historical evolution of the two systems and the legislative status of foreign countries. From the perspective of theory and practice, this paper studies and discusses the nature, characteristics, conditions of establishment and exercise, effectiveness of creditor's right of subrogation and revocation of creditor's right of subrogation, taking into account the relevant provisions of traditional civil law theory and foreign legislation. On the basis of summing up and analyzing, the author puts forward some problems such as the low level of the legal provisions of the preservation system, the narrow scope of the requirements of the constitution of the right of subrogation and the right of rescission, and the inefficiency of the administration of justice. In view of each question, the author carries on the type analysis to it. After discussion, the author proposes to improve the legislative level of preservation system, so that in the future in the debt code, not only stipulated in the contract Law. On the problem that the scope of the system elements is too narrow, the author integrates and deconstructs the legal provisions of the preservation system in our country, and confirms and analyzes the existing requirements. For the problems in the judicial practice but also in the legislative blank, the author boldly put forward the immature legal opinion on the legal blank to make up and perfect. The two systems of debt preservation have adopted different regulations in the application of rules. The author regards fairness and efficiency as the entry point, designs the unified applicable provisions which are based on the principle of priority to be repaid and supplemented by the rules of entry into the storehouse. In order to fully guarantee the realization of creditor's rights.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】