论买卖合同中物的瑕疵担保责任
发布时间：2019-01-08 18:24
【摘要】：物的瑕疵担保制度来源于罗马法,在主要大陆法系民法典中都有所规定。我国合同法亦对此制度予以规定,但目前理论界对物的瑕疵担保制度与附随义务违反、缔约过失责任、意思表示错误制度等关系的探讨比较少,且立法上物的瑕疵担保制度并没有系统明确的规范,特别是社会生活的丰富以及瑕疵概念内涵的外延扩大,需对瑕疵内涵进行扩大解释。此外,在司法实践中,物的瑕疵担保责任更是处于尴尬的地位,面临着适用范围不清晰、适用频率不高以及与一般的违约责任混淆等问题。因此,本文围绕着对瑕疵内涵的界定、判断和认定标准等内容,列举多个案例来探讨物的瑕疵担保责任与附随义务违反、意思表示错误等制度之间的关系,同时利用比较法分析的方法,介绍国外相关做法并加以借鉴。本文写作目的一方面是对物的瑕疵内涵的界定,对实践中不动产瑕疵问题予以解决；另一方面是当制度竞合时明晰制度的适用范围,使当事人得以寻找到适当的请求权基础,在此过程中阐述了瑕疵担保制度的特殊价值,以改变该制度在司法实务中被忽视的尴尬处境。 文章分为三个部分,第一部分对物的瑕疵担保理论做出解读,包括对瑕疵概念精确解析,对物的瑕疵分类和认定标准的探讨,对瑕疵担保制度概念、性质与构成要件等的介绍,以达到对物的瑕疵担保制度的深入理解进而为下文案例分析找好理论依据。 第二部分重点指出我国司法实践中物的瑕疵担保制度适用中的几个问题,对不动产因外界经济关系受限,环境特性缺失,社会观念等导致的瑕疵进行定性,对物的瑕疵担保制度、缔约过失制度和附随义务违反制度三者关系的探讨,并借鉴德国等国家的相关规定和做法,以实现制度适用范围与条件的明晰,进而有利于法官司法运用。 第三部分主要是回应文章前言中的问题,在对上述分析基础上对我国物的瑕疵担保制度的完善提出建议,首先是对瑕疵概念和瑕疵认定标准作出科学解释,其次完善瑕疵的分类,最后是明确物的瑕疵担保制度与缔约过失制度、附随义务违反制度之间的关联。
[Abstract]:The guarantee system of defects in rem originates from Roman law and is stipulated in the civil code of the main civil law system. This system is also stipulated in the contract law of our country, but at present, the theoretical circle has little discussion on the relationship between the system of guarantee of defects in rem and the collateral obligation, the liability of fault in conclusion, the system of erroneous expression of will and so on. Moreover, there is no systematic and clear regulation on the guarantee system of defects in legislation, especially the enrichment of social life and the extension of the connotation of the concept of defects, so the connotation of defects should be expanded and interpreted. In addition, in the judicial practice, the imperfection guarantee liability is in an awkward position, facing the problems of unclear scope of application, low frequency of application and confusion with the general liability for breach of contract. Therefore, this paper focuses on the definition of the connotation of defects, judgment and recognition standards, enumerates a number of cases to explore the relationship between the imperfection guarantee liability and the collateral obligation breach, the error of the expression of will and so on. At the same time, using the method of comparative analysis, introduce the relevant practices abroad and draw lessons from them. On the one hand, the purpose of this paper is to define the connotation of imperfection and to solve the immovable property defect in practice. On the other hand, when the system is competing, the scope of application of the system is clear, so that the parties can find the appropriate basis of claim, in this process, the special value of the defect guarantee system is expounded. In order to change the system in judicial practice is ignored in the embarrassing situation. The article is divided into three parts. The first part explains the theory of defect guarantee in rem, including the precise analysis of the concept of defect, the discussion of the classification and identification standard of defect, the introduction of the concept, nature and constitutive elements of the system of guarantee for defects. In order to achieve a deep understanding of the imperfections guarantee system for the following case study to find a good theoretical basis. The second part mainly points out some problems in the application of immovable property guarantee system in our judicial practice, and makes a qualitative analysis of immovable property defects caused by the limitation of external economic relations, the absence of environmental characteristics, and the social concept, etc. This paper probes into the relationship among the system of guarantee of defects in rem, the system of fault in contracting and the system of breach of collateral obligation, and draws lessons from the relevant provisions and practices of Germany and other countries in order to make the scope and conditions of application of the system clear. Then it is beneficial to the judicial application of judges. The third part is mainly in response to the problems in the preface of the article, on the basis of the above analysis of the defects guarantee system in China to improve the improvement of the first is to make a scientific interpretation of the concept of defects and defect identification standards. Secondly, the classification of defects is improved. Finally, the relationship between the system of defect guarantee and fault of contracting and the system of breach of collateral obligation is clarified.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6
本文编号：2404962
[Abstract]:The guarantee system of defects in rem originates from Roman law and is stipulated in the civil code of the main civil law system. This system is also stipulated in the contract law of our country, but at present, the theoretical circle has little discussion on the relationship between the system of guarantee of defects in rem and the collateral obligation, the liability of fault in conclusion, the system of erroneous expression of will and so on. Moreover, there is no systematic and clear regulation on the guarantee system of defects in legislation, especially the enrichment of social life and the extension of the connotation of the concept of defects, so the connotation of defects should be expanded and interpreted. In addition, in the judicial practice, the imperfection guarantee liability is in an awkward position, facing the problems of unclear scope of application, low frequency of application and confusion with the general liability for breach of contract. Therefore, this paper focuses on the definition of the connotation of defects, judgment and recognition standards, enumerates a number of cases to explore the relationship between the imperfection guarantee liability and the collateral obligation breach, the error of the expression of will and so on. At the same time, using the method of comparative analysis, introduce the relevant practices abroad and draw lessons from them. On the one hand, the purpose of this paper is to define the connotation of imperfection and to solve the immovable property defect in practice. On the other hand, when the system is competing, the scope of application of the system is clear, so that the parties can find the appropriate basis of claim, in this process, the special value of the defect guarantee system is expounded. In order to change the system in judicial practice is ignored in the embarrassing situation. The article is divided into three parts. The first part explains the theory of defect guarantee in rem, including the precise analysis of the concept of defect, the discussion of the classification and identification standard of defect, the introduction of the concept, nature and constitutive elements of the system of guarantee for defects. In order to achieve a deep understanding of the imperfections guarantee system for the following case study to find a good theoretical basis. The second part mainly points out some problems in the application of immovable property guarantee system in our judicial practice, and makes a qualitative analysis of immovable property defects caused by the limitation of external economic relations, the absence of environmental characteristics, and the social concept, etc. This paper probes into the relationship among the system of guarantee of defects in rem, the system of fault in contracting and the system of breach of collateral obligation, and draws lessons from the relevant provisions and practices of Germany and other countries in order to make the scope and conditions of application of the system clear. Then it is beneficial to the judicial application of judges. The third part is mainly in response to the problems in the preface of the article, on the basis of the above analysis of the defects guarantee system in China to improve the improvement of the first is to make a scientific interpretation of the concept of defects and defect identification standards. Secondly, the classification of defects is improved. Finally, the relationship between the system of defect guarantee and fault of contracting and the system of breach of collateral obligation is clarified.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6
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