所有权保留买卖的风险负担规则研究

发布时间：2019-02-20 19:28

【摘要】：《合同法》第134条规定所有权保留买卖制度的初衷，在于利用买卖中所有权保留这一特性保障出卖人的债权能够得获清偿，使得出卖人敢于在买受人价金足额支付前将标的物交付给买受人占有，从而促进交易的顺利达成。但是该制度相对笼统和粗糙的规定，使得人们在实际应用上容易产生分歧，影响其作用的发挥。明确所有权保留买卖的风险负担规则是保障所有权保留买卖顺利进行的一个重要条件。本文笔者将运用法律解释学的方法，立足我国现行立法规定和社会实践，结合不同国家和地区的立法例，分析说明所有权保留买卖的风险负担规则。本文中，笔者分三章对所有权保留买卖的风险负担规则进行综合分析和论述：第一章分析了买卖关系中的风险及风险负担模式。法律中规定了很多风险类型，有关于人身的、有关于财产的；风险的类型不同，相应的风险负担规则也会有所不同。笔者通过对买卖中风险的定义的探讨，结合不同国家、地区风险负担的立法模式，认为买卖中的风险以价金风险为内容，，风险负担模式则以物主承担风险原则和交付主义原则为主。第二章分析了不同国家和地区的所有权保留买卖风险负担规则立法例。在这一部分中，笔者通过列举不同国家和地区所有权保留买卖的法律规定，分析、讨论了影响所有权保留买卖风险负担规则的因素。通过比较分析，笔者认为，多数国家规定所有权保留买卖的标的物限于动产，但亦有少数国家承认在不动产乃至财产性权利的买卖中适用所有权保留。由于所有权保留买卖构成要件的不同，在物权变动模式的影响下，一般买卖的风险负担规则在所有权保留买卖中发生了一定的改变。例如，意大利在一般买卖和所有权保留买卖中采取了不同的风险负担模式。第三章分析了我国所有权保留买卖的风险负担规则。在这一部分中，笔者通过对我国《合同法》第134条的分析，结合学者们的论述以及其他国家和地区的规定，认为：我国所有权保留买卖的一般风险规则应当以交付主义原则为主；在特殊情况下，如买受人违约时，产生一定的变化。通过本文对所有权保留买卖风险负担规则的研究，笔者希望可以对促进我国所有权保留买卖制度的完善有所贡献，充分发挥其在市场交易中的价值担保作用。
[Abstract]:Article 134 of the contract Law states that the original intention of the system of retention-of-title trading is to use the property of retention of title in the sale to ensure that the seller's claims can be satisfied. The seller dares to deliver the subject matter to the buyer before the buyer's price is paid in full, so as to promote the successful conclusion of the transaction. However, the system is relatively general and rough, which makes people easily disagree in practical application and affect its function. It is an important condition to make clear the risk burden rules of ownership retention transaction. The author of this paper will use the method of legal hermeneutics, based on the current legislation and social practice in China, combined with the legislative examples of different countries and regions, to analyze and explain the rules of risk burden of ownership retention trading. In this paper, the author divides into three chapters to carry on the comprehensive analysis and the elaboration to the risk burden rule of the ownership retention trading: the first chapter has analyzed the risk and the risk burden pattern in the sale and purchase relations. There are many types of risk in the law, there are about the person, there are about the property; the type of risk is different, the corresponding rules of risk burden will be different. Through the discussion of the definition of risk in trading and combining with the legislative model of risk burden in different countries and regions, the author thinks that the risk in trading is based on the risk of value and gold. The model of risk burden is based on the principle of the owner bearing the risk and the principle of deliverance. The second chapter analyzes the different countries and regions of the retention of ownership transaction risk burden legislation. In this part, the author discusses the factors that influence the risk burden rules of ownership retention by enumerating the legal provisions of ownership retention in different countries and regions. Through comparative analysis, the author thinks that most countries stipulate that the subject matter of retention-of-title transaction is limited to movable property, but a few countries admit that it is applicable in the transaction of immovable property and even property rights. Under the influence of the real right change mode, the risk burden rule of the general purchase and sale has changed in the ownership reservation trading because of the difference of the constituent elements of the ownership reservation purchase and sale. Italy, for example, has adopted different risk burden models in general and retention of title transactions. The third chapter analyzes the rules of risk burden in China. In this part, through the analysis of Article 134 of contract Law of our country, combined with the discussion of scholars and the provisions of other countries and regions, The author holds that the general risk rules of ownership retention trading in China should be based on the principle of deliverance; In special circumstances, such as when the buyer default, a certain change. Through the study of the rules of the risk burden of ownership retention, the author hopes to contribute to the improvement of China's ownership retention trading system and give full play to its value guarantee role in market transactions.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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