论违约损害赔偿减损规则的适用

发布时间：2019-03-23 15:25

【摘要】：损害赔偿是合同责任中最常见的形式,也是充分保护受害人利益的一种救济方式。适用减损规则旨在将损害赔偿限制在一个合理的范围内。减损规则是从英美普通法发展起来的,现几乎为各国的立法、判例所承认和采纳。该规则先后在我国的《民法通则》和《合同法》中有所规定,最高院2012年新的《关于买卖合同司法解释》也对该规则进行了进一步的阐释,但这些规定较为抽象,不利于在司法实践中的具体适用；国内在此方面的学术论文也为数不多,而且概括的较为简单。因此,本文通过对减损规则的概念、性质以及法理依据的全面介绍；着重阐述减损规则的合理性措施；接着主要分析了本文的核心问题,在司法实践中适用减损规则的范围和效果,旨在阐述在司法实践中如何具体适用减损规则,并提出进一步完善该规则的建议。本文正文共分为四章：第一章,违约损害赔偿减损规则的概述。主要探究减损规则的起源,介绍减损规则的概念和性质以及减损规则的法理依据。对减损规则进行全面的概括、准确的定位,最后得出结论——减损义务为一种“不真正义务”；其法理依据是因果关系说和经济效率说的结合。第二章,减损规则的合理性措施。本章主要分析了适用减损规则的司法实践问题,即减损措施的合理性判断,系统的分析了了合理人标准、主观标准——善意标准、经济性标准。除此外,还具体的介绍了减损措施的几项具体措施,包括停止履行、继续履行、替代性交易和接受合同变更的要约。第三章,减损规则的适用范围与效果。本章首先强调在预期违约中同样适用减损规则,接着阐述了在具体适用时如何协调减损规则与继续实际履行之间的关系,最后对适用减损规则的法律效果进行说明。第四章,减损规则的完善。这一部分主要分析减损规则在我国的立法和适用现状,指出存在的问题,在此基础上提出完善减损规则的司法建议,以期能够为我国违约损害赔偿减损规则的法理理论作出一些贡献。
[Abstract]:Compensation for damages is the most common form of contract liability, and also a remedy to fully protect the interests of the victims. The application of derogation rules is intended to limit damages to a reasonable range. Derogation rules are developed from common law in the United States and are now recognized and adopted by national legislation and jurisprudence. This rule has been stipulated in the General principles of Civil Law and the contract Law in China, and the new Judicial interpretation on Sale and purchase contract of the Supreme Court in 2012 has further explained the rule, but these provisions are relatively abstract. It is not conducive to the specific application in judicial practice; Domestic academic papers in this area are also few, and the summary is relatively simple. Therefore, through a comprehensive introduction of the concept, nature and legal basis of the derogation rule, this paper focuses on the rational measures of the derogation rule; Then it mainly analyzes the core problem of this paper, the scope and effect of applying derogation rule in judicial practice, aiming at expounding how to apply derogation rule in judicial practice, and puts forward some suggestions to further perfect the rule. The main body of this paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter, the summary of the derogation rules of damages for breach of contract. This paper mainly explores the origin of derogation rules, introduces the concept and nature of derogation rules and the legal basis of derogation rules. Based on the comprehensive generalization and accurate positioning of the derogation rule, it is concluded that the derogation obligation is an "unreal obligation", and its legal basis is the combination of causality theory and economic efficiency theory. The second chapter, the reasonable measure of derogation rule. This chapter mainly analyzes the judicial practice of applying derogation rules, that is, the rationality judgment of derogation measures, and systematically analyzes the reasonable person standard, subjective standard-good faith standard, economic standard. In addition, several specific measures of derogation measures are described, including cessation of performance, continuation of performance, alternative transactions and acceptance of contract changes. Chapter III, the scope and effect of derogation rules. This chapter first emphasizes the application of the derogation rule in the expected default, then expounds how to coordinate the relationship between the derogation rule and the actual performance when it is applied. Finally, it explains the legal effect of applying the derogation rule. Chapter four, the perfection of derogation rules. This part mainly analyzes the current situation of legislation and application of derogation rules in our country, points out the existing problems, and puts forward some judicial suggestions to perfect the derogation rules on this basis. In order to make some contribution to the legal theory of the rule of derogation for breach of contract in our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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