公益捐赠合同的法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 04:10

【摘要】：我国公益事业起步比较晚,加之众多历史因素,现实中存在种种问题：慈善组织独立性不强,缺少合理竞争环境,社会信誉低；社会公众公益活动热情不够,对公益性质认识存在偏差；法律方面,专门性法律较少,层次较低,法律文件之间衔接存在问题,尤其是合同法仅仅是简单修改了赠与合同的任意撤销权来规制公益活动。因此有必要从合同的角度考虑,设计一种新的合同以规制公益活动。针对中国目前公益活动存在的问题,本文结合合同法的规律,从理论上建立公益捐赠合同的基本框架,并参考相关制度,分析公益捐赠合同在理论上存在的空间。然后针对中国目前公益事业的现状,从主体的角度阐述公益捐赠合同在规制公益活动方面的实用性。本文第一章主要对公益捐赠合同进行法律界定,先参考理论界的争论,对公益捐赠行为进行定性研究；结合合同的特点,对公益捐赠合同的特殊性作法律上的界定。然后对公益捐赠合同性质进行定位。第二章从纵向角度对公益捐赠合同的特殊性进行分析。首先,从合同的主体、客体、内容等方面,结合公益活动的特点,分析其特殊之处。再次,结合赠与合同的特殊规定,研究撤销权在公益捐赠合同中的缘由、法律效果以及对当事人权利义务分担是否合理等问题。最后,从捐赠合同的内容与表现方式可以将捐赠合同划分为附条件捐赠合同、无条件捐赠合同和为特定目的的募捐三种,分析不同类型的合同的规则问题。第三章,横向比较相关法律制度,分析公益捐赠合同的存在价值。与公益捐赠合同相似的有赠与合同和第三人利益合同,还有规则公益事业的诸如财团法人、信托等制度,分析公益捐赠合同的特点。并分析该合同的特殊意义。第四章分析公益捐赠合同的应用价值。结合目前我国公益事业呈现出的典型性问题,以及合同的特点,从主体的角度验证公益捐赠合同规则我国公益事业的的优势。结合现实,给出完善我国公益立法的建议。
[Abstract]:China's public welfare started relatively late, coupled with many historical factors, there are a variety of problems in reality: the independence of charitable organizations is not strong, lack of a reasonable competitive environment, low social reputation; The enthusiasm of public welfare activities is not enough, and there is a deviation in understanding the nature of public welfare; In the aspect of law, the specialized law is less and the level is low. There are problems in the connection between the legal documents, especially the contract law simply modifies the right of arbitrary revocation of the gift contract to regulate the public welfare activities. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new contract to regulate public welfare activities from the point of view of contract. In view of the problems existing in the public welfare activities in China, this paper, combining with the law of contract law, establishes the basic framework of the public welfare donation contract in theory, and analyzes the space of the public welfare donation contract in theory by referring to the relevant system. Then, in view of the present situation of public welfare in China, this paper expounds the practicability of public donation contract in regulating public welfare activities from the perspective of subject. The first chapter of this paper mainly defines the contract of donation of public welfare, first, referring to the controversy in the theory field, carries on the qualitative research on the behavior of donation of public welfare; combined with the characteristics of the contract, it makes a legal definition of the particularity of the contract of donation of public welfare. Then to the public welfare donation contract nature to carry on the localization. The second chapter analyzes the particularity of the public welfare donation contract from the vertical angle. First of all, from the subject, object, content and other aspects of the contract, combined with the characteristics of public welfare activities, analysis of its special features. Thirdly, combined with the special provisions of the gift contract, this paper studies the reasons, legal effects and reasonable sharing of the rights and obligations of the parties in the public welfare donation contract. Finally, the donative contract can be divided into three types: conditional donation contract, unconditional donation contract and fund-raising for specific purpose from the content and expression of donation contract, and the rules of different types of contract can be analyzed. The third chapter, the horizontal comparison of the relevant legal system, analysis of the existence of public welfare donation contract value. Similar to the public welfare donation contract, there are gift contract and third-party benefit contract, as well as the rules of public welfare such as legal person, trust, etc., to analyze the characteristics of the public welfare donation contract. And analyze the special meaning of the contract. The fourth chapter analyzes the application value of public welfare donation contract. Combined with the typical problems and the characteristics of the contract, this paper verifies the advantages of the rules of the public welfare donation contract in China from the point of view of the subject. Combined with the reality, this paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the public welfare legislation in our country.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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