违约损害赔偿之可预见性规则研究

发布时间：2019-06-08 06:53

【摘要】：作为完全赔偿原则限制性规则之一的可预见性规则在世界大多数国家得到了广泛的承认与适用。我国合同法也对可预见性规则进行了立法上的规定，但该规则在立法和司法实践中还存在着一些不足。为了使该规则在中国的适用更加完善，，本文通过其发展历程及其评价来探讨其内涵及价值，并就法国、英美及国际统一立法中可预见性规则的基本内容进行归纳对比，并结合我国司法实践中适用可预见性规则的案例来探讨我国可预见性规则在适用中的具体情况及其在现代面临的一些问题。第一部分主要是可预见性规则的理论渊源进行了介绍。首先对其确立与发展的历程做了梳理：它起源于古罗马法，确立于法国法，发展繁荣于英美判例法中，并被国际统一立法所采纳确立；然后对可预见性规则支持与批评的意见进行了总结，并给出了笔者的观点：可预见性规则有着独立的价值和地位，但其过大的自由裁量权也使得其在具体适用中面临着挑战；最后就相当因果关系、侵权法中可预见性规则以及过错相关概念与可预见性规则进行了比较。第二部分探讨的是可预见性规则适用的具体内容及适用范围。具体内容而言，笔者从预见主体、预见时间、预见对象以及预见标准上对可预见性规则的适用进行了比较，阐述了可预见性规则的预见主体应为违约方、预见的时间应为订立合同时、预见的对象应为损害的类型，而无须预见到损害的程度、预见的标准应采用通情达理之人标准；适用范围来说，可预见性规则适用于有效合同存在为前提下的违约责任中，并可适用于违约非财产损害赔偿中。第三部分主要是阐述的是可预见性规则在我国司法审判案例中的认定情况并结合案例指出了可预见性规则在适用中的具体情况及其存在的问题。
[Abstract]:As one of the restrictive rules of the principle of complete compensation, the predictability rule has been widely recognized and applied in most countries in the world. The contract law of our country also stipulates the predictability rule in legislation, but it still has some shortcomings in legislation and judicial practice. In order to make the application of the rule in China more perfect, this paper discusses its connotation and value through its development process and evaluation, and sums up and compares the basic contents of the predictability rule in France, the United States and the international unified legislation. Combined with the case of applying predictability rule in judicial practice of our country, this paper probes into the concrete situation of the application of predictability rule in our country and some problems faced by it in modern times. The first part mainly introduces the theoretical origin of predictability rules. First of all, it combs the course of its establishment and development: it originated from ancient Roman law, established in French law, developed and flourished in Anglo-American case law, and was adopted and established by international unified legislation; Then it summarizes the support and criticism of predictability rules, and gives the author's point of view: predictability rules have independent value and status, but their excessive discretion also makes them face challenges in specific application; Finally, the quite causality, predictability rules and fault related concepts in tort law are compared with predictability rules. The second part discusses the specific content and scope of predictability rule. As far as the concrete content is concerned, the author compares the application of the predictability rule from the perspective of the foresight subject, the foresight time, the foresight object and the foresight standard, and expounds that the foreseeable subject of the predictability rule should be the party in breach of contract. The foreseeable time should be when the contract is concluded, the object of foresight should be the type of damage, and the degree of damage should not be foreseen. The standard of foresight should adopt the standard of reasonable person. As far as the scope of application is concerned, the predictability rule is applicable to the liability for breach of contract on the premise of the existence of a valid contract, and to the compensation for non-property damage in breach of contract. The third part mainly expounds the cognizance of predictability rules in judicial trial cases in our country, and points out the concrete situation and existing problems of predictability rules in the application of predictability rules in combination with the cases.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

【共引文献】