法国法系原因理论的形成、发展及其意义

发布时间：2019-07-11 18:21

【摘要】：法国法系中关于合同效力的传统的原因理论在17、18世纪由法学家多马、波蒂埃等人创立,并体现在1804年的《法国民法典》中,其核心内容是强调以客观的、外在的互惠义务作为债的成立条件。该理论摆脱了中世纪以来关于合同之债的伦理色彩,体现了19世纪个人主义政治哲学的价值追求。但是,该理论也存在许多缺陷,遭到了反原因论者的批评。批评者指出,传统的原因理论在历史上是虚假的,具有不确切性,毫无实用价值。对此,以法学家Henri Capitant和佛鲁尔为代表的新原因主义对传统理论进行了修正,分别提出了"一元论"和"二元论",并反驳了反原因论者的批评。法国法系原因理论形成和发展的历程表明,合同效力的解释理论需要克服一个两难困境,就是保障个人自由和维护公共秩序的矛盾,而这一矛盾在我国当前也是存在的,因此对上述历程的考察对于我国合同法理论构建和完善具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The traditional cause theory of contract validity in French law system was founded by jurists Thomas, Poitier and others in the 18th century, and reflected in the French Civil Code of 1804. Its core content is to emphasize objective and external reciprocity obligations as the conditions for the establishment of debt. This theory gets rid of the ethical color of contract debt since the Middle Ages and embodies the value pursuit of individualism political philosophy in the 19th century. However, the theory also has many defects and has been criticized by counter-cause theorists. Critics point out that the traditional cause theory is historically false, uncertain and of no practical value. In this regard, the new causalism, represented by jurists Henri Capitant and Flur, modifies the traditional theory, puts forward "monism" and "dualism" respectively, and refutes the criticism of counter-causationists. The course of formation and development of the cause theory of French law system shows that the interpretation theory of contract validity needs to overcome a dilemma, that is, the contradiction between protecting individual freedom and maintaining public order, which also exists in our country at present. Therefore, the investigation of the above course has certain reference significance for the construction and perfection of contract law theory in our country.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院
【分类号】：D956.5

【参考文献】