环境侵权损害赔偿准备金制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 19:42

【摘要】：随着经济社会的快速发展，环境问题日益凸显。环境问题不仅影响人们的日常生活，而且破坏整个社会的可持续发展。我国也结合实际情况，制定了多项环境保护和环境侵权救济的法律法规。但是在利用环境会计理论，将财务保证，如寄存担保金，准备金等方式运用于环境侵权救济方面的法律还不太成熟。本文正是基于我国对环境损害赔偿准备金制度的研究不足甚至空白，借鉴国外的立法经验，从对它建立的必要性，可行性和具体制度的设立等问题进行了较为深入的研究，提出了自己的浅见。笔者认为，研究损害赔偿准备金制度的意义在于:损害赔偿准备金制度一方面具有保障受害者获得及时和充分的损害救济，确保公众环境权得以实现的重要功能，另一方面还能够相应提升污染项目业主的环境保护意识和环境管理水平，督促示其努力做好环境的保护工作，从而使损失降到最低。最后，它对于环境污染事件的事前预防起到了积极的重要。所以，无论是对于受害者还是对于污染者、无论对于事后救济还是对于事前预防，都具有重要的意义。本文分引言、正文、结论三个部分。引言部分，简要介绍了我国建立环境侵权损害赔偿准备金制度的必要性和重要意义。正文部分共分三章。第一章概述环境侵权的基本理论，包括环境权，环境侵权，环境权益三者的内涵和关系，这是本文立论的基础。同时还介绍了环境侵权损害赔偿准备金制度的含义，与国内外相似制度的比较。第二章详细阐述了环境侵权损害赔偿准备金制度建立的必要性与可行性，理论必要性主要是指环境会计理论的支持，而现实必要性涵盖三个方面：保障公众环境权益，维护法律的尊严，督促企业关注环境，减少损失的发生，保护环境和经济发展，维护社会的稳定；理论可行性包括两个方面：污染者付费原则和预防原则，而现实必要性是从国家，企业和社会的角度予以阐述的。第三章详细分析了环境侵权损害赔偿准备金制度的构建，其中包括立法模式的选择，制度的设计原则，，赔偿准备金的计提范围及其计算方法。结论部分，总结了本文的研究成果，提出了建立环境侵权损害赔偿准备金制度的几点建议，以期完善相关制度，更好地保护公民的环境权益和促进社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Environmental problems not only affect people's daily life, but also destroy the sustainable development of the whole society. Our country also combines the actual situation, has formulated many environmental protection and the environmental tort relief laws and regulations. However, the application of financial guarantee, such as deposit guarantee and reserve fund, to environmental tort relief is not mature. Based on the insufficient or even blank research on the reserve system of environmental damage compensation in our country, this paper makes a deep research on the necessity, feasibility and establishment of the specific system from the experience of foreign legislation. Put forward their own shallow views. The author believes that the significance of studying the system of reserve for damage compensation lies in: on the one hand, the reserve system of damage compensation has the important function of guaranteeing the victims to obtain timely and adequate damage relief and to ensure the realization of public environmental rights. On the other hand, it can also improve the environmental protection consciousness and environmental management level of pollution project owners, urge them to do their best to protect the environment, so as to reduce the loss to the minimum. Finally, it plays a positive role in the prevention of environmental pollution events. Therefore, whether for victims or polluters, whether for ex post relief or prevention, is of great significance. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction briefly introduces the necessity and significance of establishing the reserve system for environmental tort damages in China. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter summarizes the basic theory of environmental tort, including environmental rights, environmental tort, environmental rights and interests of the three connotations and relations, which is the basis of this paper. At the same time, it introduces the meaning of the reserve system of environmental tort damage compensation, and compares it with the similar system at home and abroad. The second chapter elaborates the necessity and feasibility of establishing the reserve system of environmental tort damage compensation. The theoretical necessity mainly refers to the support of environmental accounting theory, while the practical necessity covers three aspects: protecting public environmental rights and interests. Maintaining the dignity of the law, urging enterprises to pay attention to the environment, reducing the occurrence of losses, protecting the environment and economic development, and maintaining social stability; the theoretical feasibility includes two aspects: the polluter pays principle and the precautionary principle. But the realistic necessity is from the country, the enterprise and the social angle to give the elaboration. The third chapter analyzes the construction of the reserve system for environmental tort damages in detail, including the choice of legislative model, the design principles of the system, the scope of compensation reserve and its calculation method. The conclusion part summarizes the research results of this paper and puts forward some suggestions on establishing the reserve system for environmental tort damages in order to perfect the relevant system better protect citizens' environmental rights and interests and promote the sustainable development of society.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

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