离婚损害赔偿之诉研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 22:28

本文关键词：离婚损害赔偿之诉研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为离婚损害赔偿之诉基础的离婚损害赔偿制度是在2001年婚姻法修正案中所确立的,该制度运行十余年来,确实维护了婚姻中无过错方的合法权益,制裁了过错方。可以说,离婚损害赔偿制度一定程度上体现了该制度设置的目的。但是,在司法实践中,该制度却屡遭尴尬,出现了一系列的问题,以致于有的学者主张废除离婚损害赔偿制度,以新的制度取代之。为何民众期待甚高、耗费诸多专家心血的制度在诉讼中“无所作为”,这是一个非常有意义的研究课题。为了探析离婚损害赔偿制度的本来面目、促进离婚损害赔偿之诉的良性运转,本文注重实体法和程序法的结合,以民事诉讼法的核心基础理论为重点对离婚损害赔偿之诉进行分析。从细节着手,在实体法与程序法的互动中探寻离婚损害赔偿之诉的本来面目。经过一番技术性的考量后,提出了完善离婚损害赔偿之诉的若干建议,以期对其良性运转有所助益。全文除引言外共有四个部分,主要内容如下: 第一部分为离婚损害赔偿之诉概述。首先介绍了离婚损害赔偿赔偿之诉的实体法基础——离婚损害赔偿制度,阐释了该制度的含义、法律特征、功能、构成要件;其次从程序法角度分析了离婚损害赔偿之诉的特征,从两个层面对离婚损害之诉有个纵深的认识;最后结合现实,展示了离婚损害赔偿之诉所面临的三大挑战,即诉的方面的挑战、当事人确定方面的挑战和证据方面的挑战。第二部分是离婚损害赔偿之诉诉的基本理论。首先经过一番考察,得出离婚损害赔偿之诉是一种独立之诉的结论;其次,结合不同的诉讼标的学说分析了其诉讼标的;最后探讨了其与离婚之诉的关系,从而对离婚损害赔偿之诉有了清晰地把握。第三部分为离婚损害赔偿之诉的正当当事人问题。首先探析离婚损害赔偿之诉的权利主体,并对权利主体无过错方中“无过错“进行了探讨,并对权利主体是否包括其他家庭成员展开了论证。其次,对离婚损害赔偿之诉的义务主体进行界定,将学术界对义务主体确定的不同观点进行了概括,最终明确了权利主体和义务主体的确定结果。第四部分是离婚损害赔偿之诉的证据问题。重点探讨了举证难问题。首先根据案件类型介绍了举证难的现状,概括了离婚损害赔偿案件在举证难方面的特点;其次从案件本身、当事人自身、法律方面、社会方面等四方面分析了举证难的原因;最后提出了若干缓解举证难的对策,并着重对是否应该在离婚案件中实行证明责任倒置进行了辨析。
[Abstract]:The divorce damage compensation system for divorce damages litigation basis is established in the 2001 Marriage Law amendment, the system running more than ten years, is safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the innocent party of the marriage, the sanctions the guilty party. It can be said that the divorce damage compensation system to a certain extent reflects the system set up purpose. However, in judicial practice, the system has been repeatedly embarrassed, there has been a series of problems, so that some scholars advocate the abolition of divorce damage compensation system to replace the new system. Why do people look forward to the high cost, many experts work in the lawsuit system "doing nothing", this is a a very interesting research topic.
In order to compensate system of divorce damages are to promote the benign operation of divorce damage compensation lawsuits, this paper emphasizes the combination of substantive law and procedural law, as the core foundation of civil law theory as the focus of the divorce damage compensation lawsuit analysis. Start from the details, to explore the nature of compensation for damages against divorce in the interaction of substantive law and the procedural law. After a technical consideration, put forward some suggestions to perfect the compensation for damages against divorce, in order to be useful for its healthy functioning.
In addition to the introduction, the full text has four parts, the main contents are as follows:
The first part is an overview of the complaint for divorce damages. Firstly introduces the substantive law basis of compensation for damages of divorce damage, the divorce damage compensation system, explained the meaning of the system, legal characteristics, functions, elements; followed by analysis of the characteristics of divorce damage compensation litigation from the perspective of procedural law, from the two layer in the face of divorce damages have an understanding in depth; finally combined with the reality, showing the three major challenges facing the divorce damage compensation lawsuits, which challenges the lawsuit, the parties to determine the challenges and challenges of the evidence.
The second part is the basic theory of compensation in divorce procedure. After some investigation first, the divorce damage compensation lawsuit is the action of an independent conclusion; secondly, according to different litigation theory analysis of its litigation; finally discusses its relationship with the divorce complaint, to divorce assumpsit have a clear grasp.
Proper party third part of the complaint for divorce damages. On the first subject of right of divorce damage compensation lawsuits, and no fault "no fault" discusses the subject of rights, and whether the subject of rights, including other family members started the argument. Secondly, the definition of divorce damage compensation lawsuits. The obligation subject, different views of the principal will determine the academic obligations are summarized, finally clear the determination result of the subject of right and obligation.
The fourth part is the evidence of divorce damage compensation lawsuit. Focuses on the difficult problem of proof. Firstly, according to the types of cases introduces the difficult situation of proof, general damages of divorce cases in terms of the characteristics of hard evidence; secondly, from the case, the parties themselves, the legal aspects of the reasons for the difficulty of proof analysis of four aspects of society etc.; and finally put forward some countermeasures to reduce the burden of proof is difficult, and should focus on in divorce cases the burden of proof for discrimination.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.9

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