农村土地征收中妇女经济权益保障研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 22:34

本文选题：妇女土地经济权益 + 集体经济组织成员资格　；参考：《南京农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国正处于快速城镇化的阶段,这种快速城镇化带动了大量的农地非农化,促使土地的经济价值日益得到凸显。作为农村集体经济组织财产,征地补偿收益的分配涉及到村集体每个成员的切身利益。在人多地少的矛盾下,如何保障作为农村社会流动者的农村妇女的土地经济权益已成为社会关注的焦点。随着我国土地管理制度的不断进步和发展,农村土地征收中妇女经济权益的保障问题越来越受到重视。然而,虽然我国的《土地管理法》、《婚姻法》及《妇女权益保障法》等一系列法律法规都强调了要保护农村妇女土地经济权益,但在村民自治和农村传统思想的影响下,部分法律文书已成为一纸空文,农村土地征收中妇女的经济权益无法得到真正保障。尤其是在征地补偿收益的分配过程中,嫁往外地但户口未迁出、离婚但没有迁走户口、再婚上门等农村妇女的分配权往往被限制和剥夺,这些问题直接影响到了法律的严肃性和农村社会的稳定发展。本文主要从现状问题、影响机理、法律分析和政策建议四个方面研究了我国农村土地征收中妇女经济权益问题。通过现状研究,发现在我国农村土地征收中妇女经济权益保障方面主要存在了集体经济组织成员资格界定不明确、农村集体收益分配立法不明确、村民自治受传统落后观念的影响严重、妇女权益对婚姻家庭的依赖性较强以及法律与政策存在漏洞等问题。在影响机理方面,主要分析了土地特性、农村集体经济组织成员权、妇女征地补偿款分配权和乡村治理,在此基础上从农村土地征收中妇女经济权益受侵害的经济根源、社会根源、利益动机和博弈过程四个方面分析了其内在作用机制——零和博弈。在法律分析方面,通过具体案例分析了农村集体经济组织成员资格的界定、村集体土地补偿款分配方案的制定和村民自治及村规民约的确立三个主要法律问题。本文最后从六个方面提出保障农村土地征收中妇女经济权益的政策建议：(1)规范农村集体经济组织成员资格的界定标准；(2)加强土地权利的个体化,弱化妇女对家庭及婚姻的依赖性；(3)加快农村集体收益分配立法,建立集体经济组织内部征地补偿费分配方案；(4)调试与法律法规相矛盾的村规民约,规范村民自治权；(5)完善多种救助途径,及时解决土地征收中妇女经济权益纠纷；(6)重视法制宣传教育,提高农民群众的法律意识和维权意识。
[Abstract]:China is in the stage of rapid urbanization, which has led to a large number of agricultural land conversion, promoting the economic value of land has become increasingly prominent. As the property of rural collective economic organization, the distribution of compensation income of land expropriation involves the vital interests of each member of the village collective. Under the contradiction of large population and less land, how to protect the land economic rights and interests of rural women as rural social migrants has become the focus of social attention. With the continuous progress and development of land management system in China, more and more attention has been paid to the protection of women's economic rights and interests in rural land expropriation. However, although a series of laws and regulations, such as the Land Management Law, the Marriage Law, and the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and interests, have emphasized the need to protect the economic rights and interests of rural women, they have been influenced by villagers' autonomy and traditional rural ideas. Some legal documents have become a dead letter, rural land expropriation women's economic rights and interests can not be truly protected. Especially in the process of distribution of compensation income from land requisition, the distribution rights of rural women, such as those who married to other places but did not move out, divorced but did not move their hukou, and so on, were often restricted and deprived. These problems directly affect the seriousness of the law and the stable development of rural society. This paper mainly studies the economic rights and interests of women in rural land expropriation in China from four aspects: current situation, influence mechanism, legal analysis and policy suggestions. Through the study of the present situation, it is found that the definition of the membership of collective economic organizations is not clear and the legislation of rural collective income distribution is not clear in the aspect of guaranteeing the economic rights and interests of women in rural land expropriation. Villagers' autonomy is seriously influenced by traditional backward ideas, women's rights and interests depend heavily on marriage and family, and there are loopholes in laws and policies. In the aspect of influence mechanism, this paper mainly analyzes the land characteristics, the rights of members of rural collective economic organizations, the distribution of women's compensation for land requisition and the rural governance. On this basis, it analyzes the economic roots of the infringement of women's economic rights and interests in rural land expropriation. The social root, interest motive and game process are analyzed from four aspects: zero sum game. In the aspect of legal analysis, this paper analyzes the definition of membership of rural collective economic organizations, the formulation of rural collective land compensation allocation scheme and the establishment of villagers' autonomy and the establishment of village rules and regulations through specific cases. In the end, this paper puts forward the policy suggestion of protecting the economic rights and interests of women in rural land expropriation from six aspects: 1) standardizing the criteria for defining the membership of rural collective economic organizations and strengthening the individualization of land rights. Weakening women's dependence on family and marriage 3) speeding up the legislation of collective income distribution in rural areas, establishing the distribution scheme of compensation for land requisition within collective economic organizations and setting up the regulations of villages which are inconsistent with laws and regulations. Standardizing villagers' right of Autonomy (5) perfecting various ways of relief, timely solving disputes of women's economic rights and interests in land expropriation. 6) attaching importance to publicity and education of legal system and raising the legal consciousness and awareness of rights and interests of the peasants.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.89;D669.68

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