离婚后父母对未成年子女的监护权行使模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 05:25

本文选题：离婚 + 监护权　；参考：《北京化工大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 父母离婚之后,父母子女间的权利义务(本文指父母对未成年子女的监护权)内容仍同于从前,包括人身监护和财产监护。但是,离婚后父母分开居住,父母对未成年子女的监护权的归属情况和行使情况也发生相应变化。离婚后,父母对未成年子女的监护权的归属存在两种模式：单独享有监护权模式和共同享有监护权模式；父母对未成年子女的监护权的行使存在三种模式：单独行使监护权模式、共同行使监护权模式和第三人行使监护权模式。本文研究重点为离婚后父母对未成年子女的监护权的行使模式。主要内容如下：第一章：父母对未成年子女的监护权概述。本章介绍了监护权的历史发展情况,对监护权的归属模式和行使模式进行区分,并厘清两者间的关系。第二章：单独行使监护权模式。本章对该模式下直接抚养人的确定标准和间接抚养人的权利义务这两个问题进行研究。针对前一问题,笔者从历史发展角度对直接抚养人的确定标准进行分析,分别介绍了父权优先原则、幼年原则、主要照顾者原则和儿童利益最大化原则。针对后一问题,笔者主要分析了间接抚养人的两项权利义务：探望权和监督权。第三章：共同行使监护权模式。在简单介绍了该模式的概念和发展史后,笔者主要分析了该模式的适用条件,包括积极条件和消极条件。共同行使监护权模式可分为三种类型：共同监护、分配监护和分割监护。上述三种类型各有特点,具有各自的适用条件。笔者还将我国《子女抚养意见》中规定的轮流抚养模式与分配监护进行比较分析,指出我国立法对轮流抚养模式规定的不足之处并提出相关修改意见。第四章：第三人行使监护权模式。本章重点分析该模式的三个适用条件,包括未成年子女的父母不适合或不愿意行使监护权、第三人的监护资格和未成年子女的意愿等。笔者还分析了该模式在中国应用的可行性和必要性。在总结前文研究和论述的基础上,本文提出以下立法建议：1.应当明确区分离婚后父母对未成年子女的监护权的归属模式和行使模式；2.应该明确规定,离婚后由父母双方共同享有对未成年子女的监护权；3.应该明确规定,对离婚后未成年子女的监护权相关问题的处理应符合儿童利益最大化原则,并列举一些具体参考因素；4.应明确规定离婚后父母对未成年子女的监护权存在三种行使模式：单独行使监护权模式,共同行使监护权模式和第三人行使监护权模式。与此同时,还应规定这些模式的适用条件。
[Abstract]:After the divorce of parents, the rights and obligations between parents and children (this article refers to the custody of minor children) are still the same as before, including personal custody and property custody. However, after divorce, parents live separately, and the status and exercise of parental custody of minor children change accordingly. After divorce, there are two types of parental custody of minor children: separate guardianship and joint guardianship; There are three modes of parental guardianship over minor children: sole guardianship, joint guardianship and third party guardianship. This paper focuses on the exercise of parental custody of minor children after divorce. The main contents are as follows: Chapter 1: an overview of parental custody of minor children. This chapter introduces the historical development of guardianship, differentiates the mode of ownership and exercise of guardianship, and clarifies the relationship between them. Chapter II: individual exercise of guardianship model. This chapter studies the determination standard of direct dependant and the rights and obligations of indirect dependant. In view of the former problem, the author analyzes the criteria of direct dependant from the angle of historical development, and introduces the principle of paternity priority, the principle of infancy, the principle of main caretaker and the principle of maximizing the interests of children. Aiming at the latter problem, the author mainly analyzes two rights and obligations of indirect dependents: visitation right and supervision right. Chapter III: joint exercise of guardianship model. After a brief introduction of the concept and history of the model, the author mainly analyzes the applicable conditions of the model, including positive conditions and negative conditions. The mode of joint guardianship can be divided into three types: joint guardianship, distributed guardianship and divided guardianship. The above three types have their own characteristics and have their own applicable conditions. The author also makes a comparative analysis of the pattern of rotation and distribution of guardianship in the opinion of Child support in China, points out the deficiencies of the legislation of our country on the pattern of rotational maintenance and puts forward some relevant amendments. Chapter IV: the third party exercise custody mode. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the three applicable conditions of the model, including the parents of minor children are unsuitable or unwilling to exercise guardianship, the third party's guardianship qualification and the will of minor children, and so on. The author also analyzes the feasibility and necessity of applying this model in China. On the basis of summing up the previous research and discussion, this paper puts forward the following legislative proposals: 1. A clear distinction should be made between the mode of attribution and exercise of parental custody of minor children after divorce. It should be made clear that after divorce, both parents share custody of minor children. It should be made clear that the treatment of custody of minor children after divorce should be in line with the principle of maximizing the interests of the child, and list some specific reference factors. There should be three types of exercise of parental custody of minor children after divorce: sole exercise, joint exercise and third party. At the same time, conditions for the application of these models should also be specified.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D923

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