无效与可撤销婚姻若干程序问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 13:08

本文选题：无效婚姻 + 可撤销婚姻　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：无效婚姻与可撤销婚姻是违背婚姻法定结婚要件的婚姻,由于婚姻关系不仅仅涉及到婚姻关系的当事人还涉及到与婚姻有关的其他亲属的身份利益,所以这两个诉在诉讼程序问题上也有不同于普通民事诉讼程序的特点。但我国既没有在民事诉讼法上给予其特别规定也没有制定专门的人事诉讼法予以规定。所以,为了保护婚姻关系当事人及与此婚姻关系有利害关系的人的利益,有必要对婚姻无效之诉与婚姻可撤销之诉的相关程序问题予以研究。对此,本文分为四个部分对这两诉的性质问题、正当当事人问题、证明责任问题以及管辖问题予以论述,具体如下:第一部分:在着重深入分析有关婚姻无效的“无效”究竟属于“当然无效”还是“裁判上无效”的基础上,对婚姻无效的性质予以界定,得出婚姻无效之诉为形成之诉的结论。同时,对婚姻可撤销之诉为形成之诉也给予相关的理论分析。第二部分:首先论述诉的性质对确定正当当事人范围的影响,后以案例的形式分析说明我国法律存在对这两诉的正当当事人的范围规定过于狭窄的问题,并在研究相关国家对这两诉当事人有关规定的基础上,对我国婚姻无效之诉与婚姻可撤销之诉的正当当事人问题提出在适当范围内加以扩张的完善建议。第三部分:基于婚姻无效之诉与婚姻可撤销之诉的特殊性,论述该两诉所适用的特殊程序法理对这两诉的证明责任的影响。并根据职权探知主义在这两诉中的应用,分析法院在当事人举证不能且案件事实无法查明的情况下法院的调查取证权和事实斟酌权对这两诉证明责任的影响。之后分析由于我国法律缺乏对法院在事实不明情形下的强制性调查取证权,因此对于对实体真实有较高要求的人事诉讼而言是不利于纠纷的解决和利害关系人权益的保护的。所以本文针对以上问题,论述了我国在这两诉中引入职权探知主义的必要性,以及明确法院应具有的强制性的调查取证权。第四部分:首先论述我国法律对这两诉管辖规定的现状,之后论述在这两诉管辖法院中缺乏当事人共同住所地法院和婚姻缔结地法院所带来的,如不利于法院对案件事实的查明、当事人利益的保护和司法资源的浪费等问题。然后在研究域外相关国家立法的基础上,结合我国实际提出对管辖问题的几点具体建议。
[Abstract]:Invalid marriage and revocable marriage are marriages that violate the legal requirements of marriage, because marriage involves not only the parties to the marriage relationship, but also the identity interests of other relatives related to the marriage. Therefore, these two lawsuits also have different characteristics from ordinary civil procedure on the issue of litigation procedure. However, our country has not given it special provisions in the civil procedure law nor has it formulated a special personnel procedure law. Therefore, in order to protect the interests of the parties and interested parties to the marriage relationship, it is necessary to study the procedural issues related to the annulment of marriage and the revocable marriage. This paper is divided into four parts to discuss the nature of the two actions, the right parties, the burden of proof and jurisdiction. The first part: on the basis of deeply analyzing whether the nullity of marriage is "nullity" or "nullity in adjudication", the author defines the nature of nullity of marriage. The conclusion is that the action of nullity of marriage is the action of formation. At the same time, the marriage revocable action as a formative action is also given relevant theoretical analysis. The second part: first discusses the nature of litigation on the determination of the scope of the legitimate parties, and then by the form of a case analysis of the existence of our law on the scope of the two legitimate parties to the scope of the problem is too narrow. On the basis of studying the relevant provisions of the two litigants in the relevant countries, the author puts forward some suggestions on the expansion of the proper parties to the litigation of nullity and revocability of marriage in our country. The third part: based on the particularity of annulment of marriage and revocable marriage, the author discusses the influence of the special procedural legal theory applied in the two actions on the burden of proof. According to the application of ex officio doctrine in these two lawsuits, this paper analyzes the influence of the court's right of investigation and evidence collection and the discretion of facts on the burden of proof of the two cases when the parties can not prove the evidence and the facts of the case cannot be ascertained. Then it is analyzed that the law of our country lacks the compulsory right to investigate and collect evidence for the court in the case of unknown facts, so it is not conducive to the settlement of disputes and the protection of the rights and interests of interested parties for personnel litigation with higher requirements for the real entity. In view of the above problems, this paper discusses the necessity of introducing the power of inquiry in these two lawsuits, and clarifies the compulsory right of investigation and collection of evidence that the court should have. The fourth part: first discusses the current situation of the jurisdiction of the two cases in our country's law, and then discusses the lack of the court of the parties' common residence and the court of the place where the marriage is concluded in the court of jurisdiction of the two cases. For example, it is unfavorable for the court to find out the facts of the case, to protect the interests of the parties and to waste the judicial resources. Then, on the basis of studying the relevant national legislation, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on the jurisdiction problem combined with our country's actual situation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.1;D923.9

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