民事伴侣关系的制度构建

发布时间：2018-05-17 13:53

本文选题：民事伴侣关系 + 事实婚姻　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：两个均无配偶的完全民事行为能力人,没有登记结婚形成相对稳定的长期共同生活,构成民事伴侣。婚姻在中国人的思想中占有重要地位,但在追求个性,倡导自由的当今社会,越来越多的人选择非婚的伴侣生活,以事实婚姻、同性婚姻为表象的新型家庭伴侣模式开始普遍出现。各国政府也逐渐意识到,民事伴侣已然成为不同于婚姻的另一种家庭生活方式,并且带来了一系列亟需解决的人身和财产问题。笔者通过大量的文献与实证研究,采用了比较分析的方法,构建了一套民事伴侣制度,不仅实现同性和异性伴侣的平等对待,而且有独特适用于我国的同性伴侣登记制。此种制度的构建不仅可以提高民事伴侣的社会接受程度,加强对弱者利益的保护,又可以解决伴侣制度"同案不同判"的司法尴尬,维护法律尊严,具有重大意义。因此,如何在维护婚姻传统地位的前提下,对民事伴侣给予法律认可和规制,是笔者重点论述的内容。本文内容分为了四个部分:第一部分是民事伴侣概述,主要包括三个方面。首先,问题的提出,针对社会现实的变化与"伴侣"现象的兴起,提出"现阶段法律有无必要对民事伴侣进行规制?"的问题。其次,对比国内外相关概念,针对我国国情,对民事伴侣范围进行了界定,将其界定为两个均无配偶的完全民事行为能力人,没有登记结婚形成相对稳定的长期共同生活者。最后,基于对伴侣现状的事实调查证实了民事伴侣法律研究的必要性,回答了第一部分提出的问题。第二部分是国外伴侣关系法律制度研究,包括两个方面。一是伴侣关系的立法模式,通过"等同于婚姻"和"区别于婚姻"两个效力层次,列举了不同国家采取的不同模式,并分析了其中的利与弊。二是西方主要国家的相关立法,特地选取了英、美、法、德四个标志性国家的立法,对这些立法制度研究与对比之后,提取出对我国有借鉴意义的规定。第三部分是我国伴侣关系立法的现实基础、意义及可行性,主要分了三个部分。首先是我国伴侣现状的调查分析,用事实说明了民事伴侣关系立法的现实需求。其次是民事伴侣关系立法的意义,由伴侣关系引发问题的普遍性和严重性分析,得出完整的伴侣关系立法对于权利平等保护、和谐社会构建以及大国形象树立都具有重大的意义。最后是民事伴侣关系立法的可行性,重点论述了伴侣关系在我国立法可行的社会基础和法理价值基础。第四部分是我国民事伴侣关系法律制度构建,分为了四个部分。第一是民事伴侣关系立法模式的选择,重点论述了我国宜采用区别于婚姻的"事实伴侣"为主和"登记伴侣"为辅的折衷立法模式的原因。第二是民事伴侣关系的成立,伴侣关系的成立必须符合实质要件和相应的形式要件。第三是民事伴侣关系的效力,此部分是文章的重点,分为权利和义务两个部分进行论述,对理论界争论的同居义务、忠实义务、抚养权和继承权等问题都做了清楚的说明。第四是民事伴侣关系的终止,伴侣关系的终止必须符合一定要件,比如双方合意、单方通知、一方结婚或者死亡等。
[Abstract]:Two complete civil capacity persons without spouses have not registered a relatively stable long-term common life and constitute a civil partner. Marriage occupies an important position in the Chinese thought, but in the pursuit of personality and advocating freedom of today's society, more and more people choose non marital partners to live, in fact marriage, same-sex marriage The new pattern of family partners is beginning to emerge. The government has gradually realized that the civil partner has become another way of family life different from marriage, and has brought a series of people and property problems that need to be solved. Through a large number of literature and empirical research, the author uses a comparative analysis method to build the civil partner. A set of civil partner systems not only realizes the equal treatment of homosexual and heterosexual partners, but also has a unique registration system for homosexual partners in China. The construction of this system can not only improve the social acceptance of the civil partners, strengthen the protection of the interests of the weak, but also resolve the judicial embarrassment of the "different judgments of the same case" in the partner system. The dignity of the law is of great significance. Therefore, how to give legal recognition and regulation to the civil partner under the premise of maintaining the traditional status of marriage is the content of the author's emphasis. The content of this article is divided into four parts: the first part is the summary of the civil partners, mainly including three aspects. First, the question is put forward to the change of social reality. With the rise of the phenomenon of "partner", the question of "does the law need to regulate the civil partner at the present stage" is put forward. Secondly, in contrast to the relevant concepts at home and abroad, the scope of the civil partner is defined in accordance with the national conditions of our country, and it is defined as two persons without spouses, who have not registered a relatively stable marriage. Long term common living. Finally, based on the fact investigation of the status quo of the partner, the necessity of the civil partner legal research was confirmed and the questions raised in the first part were answered. The second part was the study of the legal system of foreign partner relations, including two aspects. First, the legislative model of partner relationship, through "equal to marriage" and "different from marriage" two. It enumerates the different modes of the different countries and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the different countries. Two is the relevant legislation of the main western countries, and specially selects the legislation of the four symbolic countries of Britain, America, France and Germany. After the study and comparison of these legislative systems, the article extracts the provisions for reference to our country. The third part is our country. The realistic basis, significance and feasibility of the partner relationship legislation is divided into three parts. First, it is the investigation and analysis of the status quo of the partner in our country. The actual needs of the legislation of the civil partnership are explained with facts. The second is the significance of the legislation of the civil partnership, the analysis of the universality and the seriousness of the questions caused by the relationship, and the complete companion The couple legislation is of great significance to the protection of equal rights, the construction of a harmonious society and the establishment of the image of a big country. Finally, it is the feasibility of the legislation of the civil partnership. The fourth part is the construction of the legal system of the civil partnership in China. For the four part, the first is the choice of the legislative mode of the civil partnership, and the reasons for the eclectic legislative mode, which are different from the "factual partner" and the "registered partner", should be adopted in our country. The second is the establishment of the civil partnership relationship, and the establishment of the partner relationship must conform to the essential elements and the corresponding forms. The third is the effectiveness of the civil partnership. This part is the focus of the article. It is divided into two parts of rights and obligations. It makes a clear explanation of the cohabitation obligations, loyalty obligations, upbringing and inheritance rights in the theoretical circles. Fourth is the termination of the civil partnership relationship, and the termination of the partner relationship must conform to certain requirements. If both parties agree, one side will inform the other party of marriage or death.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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