论居住权制度在我国物权法中的设立

发布时间：2018-05-31 03:53

本文选题：居住权 + 人役权　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：2002年居住权制度第一次出现在《中华人民共和国物权法（征求意见稿）》中，在2006年8月22日举行的十届全国人大常委会第二十三次会议听取了法律委员会的汇报意见后被删除。法律委员会认为，居住权的适用面很窄，基于家庭关系的居住权问题婚姻家庭法有关抚养、赡养等规定，基于租赁关系的居住权问题适用合同法有关法律的规定，这些情形都不适用草案关于居住权的规定。本文通过对居住权制度性质、特点及其在诸多国家历史沿革过程的考察，发现该制度的性质与功能并不是一层不变的，随着时代的发展居住权制度也在不断的进行自我完善，逐步从原有的人身依附性权利转变为一种契约性权利，其功能也从原有单一的弱者生存保障功能发展为兼具保障弱势群体基本权益和价值分离、促进财富流通功能的综合性制度。脱离人役权制度体系，我国物权法依然有单独制定居住权制度的土壤。居住权制度的否定者对于该制度的认识存在一定偏差，其功能无法为其他制度所替代，在我国物权法体系下设立该制度十分必要。由于种种原因居住权制度在我国一直未被承认，对于我国仍是一个全新的制度，从历史源流及制度体系来看，世界上大部分规定了居住权制度的国家都有完备详细的人役权制度基础，居住权作为人役权的下位制度加以界定，其理论基础和法条设定相对简单，即使在居住权部分的规定出现漏洞，也可以借助上位制度的相关规定作为兜底条款。对于我国来说，由于人役权制度的缺失，居住权制度在设定和运行过程中没有相关参考，所以在立法时要尽量做到详细充分，《物权法》草案中用8条内容对居住权作出规定，虽然有“开创先河”的重要地位，但其效果和力度仍是远远不够的。所以在制度设立时应尽量做到详细具体且为法律的后续规定留有余地，同时应尽量与现有制度协调一致，以求全方位多角度的实现居住权制度的价值。因此应尽快在物权法体系下建立健全居住权制度，在制度的具体设定上尽量做到详细，又要为法律的后续配套工作留有一定余地，同时配合《婚姻法》、《未成年人保护法》、《妇女儿童保护法》及社会保障制度的相关规定全方位、多角度的完善对于居住权的保护工作，使这一“古老”而又“全新“的制度在我国充分实现其价值，为我国各项事业的发展贡献一份力量。
[Abstract]:In 2002, the right of abode system appeared for the first time in the Law of the people's Republic of China on Real Rights (draft for opinions). It was deleted after hearing the report of the Law Committee at the 23rd meeting of the standing Committee of the Tenth National people's Congress held on August 22, 2006. According to the Law Committee, the scope of application of the right of residence is very narrow, the issue of residence rights based on family relations is a matter of marriage and family law, and the provisions of the law on maintenance and maintenance apply to the issue of residence rights based on the lease relationship. None of these cases applies to the provisions of the draft concerning the right of abode. Based on the investigation of the nature and characteristics of the residence right system and its historical evolution in many countries, this paper finds that the nature and function of this system are not the same, and with the development of the times, the residence right system is constantly improving itself. Gradually from the original right of personal attachment to a contractual right, its function has also developed from the original function of the survival of the weak to the protection of the basic rights and interests of vulnerable groups and the separation of value. A comprehensive system that promotes the function of wealth circulation. Apart from the system of personal servitude, Chinese real right law still has the soil to establish the residence right system separately. The negators of the right of residence system have a certain deviation to the understanding of this system, its function can not be replaced by other systems, it is very necessary to set up the system under the system of property law of our country. For a variety of reasons, the right of abode system has not been recognized in our country. It is still a new system for our country. From the perspective of historical origin and institutional system, Most of the countries in the world that have stipulated the system of residence right have a complete and detailed foundation of the system of servitude, and the right of residence is defined as the inferior system of the right of servitude, and its theoretical basis and legal provisions are relatively simple. Even if there are loopholes in the provisions of the right of abode, we can also use the relevant provisions of the upper system as the bottom clause. For our country, because of the absence of the system of servitude, there is no relevant reference in the course of the establishment and operation of the right of residence system, so we should try our best to make full and detailed legislation on the right of residence in the draft of "Real right". Although there is an important position of "pioneering", its effect and strength are still far from enough. Therefore, when the system is established, it should be as detailed and specific as possible and leave room for the subsequent provisions of the law. At the same time, it should be coordinated with the existing system as much as possible, in order to realize the value of the residence right system from all directions and many angles. Therefore, we should establish and perfect the residence right system under the real right law system as soon as possible, do as much detail as possible on the specific setting of the system, and leave some leeway for the subsequent supporting work of the law. At the same time, in cooperation with the Marriage Law, the Law on Protection of minors, the Law on Protection of Women and Children, and the relevant provisions of the social security system, the protection of the right of residence should be improved from various angles. Make this "old" and "brand-new" system fully realize its value in our country, and contribute to the development of our country's various undertakings.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.2

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