弱势儿童监护问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 13:55

【摘要】：未成年人是我们国家的未来与希望,保护好未成年人,给予他们更多的照顾和关心,是国家与社会共同的责任。弱势儿童属于未成年人中的一个比较特殊的群体,实践中弱势儿童由于其家庭背景的特殊性,经常受到来自外界环境的排挤与歧视。只有将弱势儿童监护存在的问题解决,才能使弱势儿童的合法权益得到法律保护,才能使弱势儿童在更好的环境里顺利成长。本文旨在从保护弱势儿童合法权益的角度出发,对我国弱势儿童监护存在的问题及解决对策进行探讨。本文以“弱势儿童监护问题研究”为题进行研究,一共由四个部分组成。第一部分为我国弱势儿童监护概述。首先,界定了弱势儿童的概念及特征;其次,对监护制度的基本理论进行了阐述。第二部分对我国弱势儿童监护基本情况进行介绍。此部分是论文较为重要的部分。首先,介绍了我国弱势儿童目前的生活现状;其次,介绍了涉及弱势儿童监护的相关立法;最后,分析了弱势儿童监护存在的问题,包括未明确规定“儿童最大利益”原则、监护职责委托之规定较为模糊、撤销监护人资格之规定不尽妥当、国家代位监护之规定较为简略、对弱势儿童监护人履行监护职责缺乏监督。第三部分为部分国家弱势儿童监护立法状况及启示。主要介绍了美国、英国、德国、日本关于弱势儿童监护的相关立法,并归纳出这四个国家弱势儿童监护的特点,为解决我国弱势儿童监护存在的问题提供借鉴。第四部分对我国弱势儿童监护存在的问题进行思考。此部分为论文最重要的部分。首先,阐述了解决我国弱势儿童监护存在问题的现实意义;其次,从弱势儿童监护存在的问题着手,提出解决建议,包括确定“儿童最大利益”原则、细化监护职责委托之规定、完善撤销监护人资格之规定、充实国家代位监护之规定、对弱势儿童监护人履行监护职责进行监督。
[Abstract]:Minors are the future and hope of our country. It is the common responsibility of the country and society to protect them and give them more care and care. The disadvantaged children belong to a special group among the minors. In practice, the disadvantaged children are often excluded and discriminated from the external environment because of the particularity of their family background. Only by solving the problems existing in the guardianship of vulnerable children can the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable children be protected by law and the vulnerable children grow up smoothly in a better environment. From the angle of protecting the legal rights and interests of the vulnerable children, this paper probes into the problems existing in the guardianship of the vulnerable children in our country and the countermeasures to solve them. In this paper, the subject of the study of vulnerable children custody, a total of four parts. The first part is an overview of the guardianship of vulnerable children in China. Firstly, the concept and characteristics of vulnerable children are defined. Secondly, the basic theory of guardianship system is expounded. The second part introduces the basic situation of vulnerable child guardianship in China. This part is the more important part of the paper. Firstly, it introduces the current living conditions of vulnerable children in China; secondly, it introduces the relevant legislation concerning the custody of vulnerable children; finally, it analyzes the problems existing in the custody of vulnerable children, including the lack of clear provisions on the principle of "the best interests of the child". The stipulation of entrustment of guardianship duty is vague, the stipulation of revoking guardian qualification is not appropriate, the stipulation of national subrogation guardianship is relatively simple, and it lacks supervision to the guardian of vulnerable children to carry out the duty of guardianship. The third part is the legislation situation and enlightenment of vulnerable children in some countries. This paper mainly introduces the relevant legislation of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan on the guardianship of vulnerable children, and sums up the characteristics of the guardianship of vulnerable children in these four countries, which provides a reference for solving the problems existing in the guardianship of vulnerable children in our country. The fourth part thinks about the problems existing in the guardianship of vulnerable children in our country. This part is the most important part of the paper. First of all, it expounds the practical significance of solving the problem of vulnerable children's guardianship in our country. Secondly, from the point of view of the existing problems of vulnerable children's guardianship, it puts forward some suggestions, including determining the principle of "the best interests of the child". The regulations of entrusting guardianship duty, consummating the stipulation of revoking guardian qualification, enriching the regulation of state subrogation guardianship, and supervising the guardian of vulnerable children to perform his guardianship duty.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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