论民法精神的移植

发布时间：2018-10-13 16:40

【摘要】： 中国作为一个后发现代化国家,法律移植的立法路径自然不可避免。但究竟要移植什么,如何进行移植,目前无论是学界的理论研究,还是在实务的操作层面上,以往更多关注的是法律文本和制度建设方面,而常常忽略对法律内在精神的关照。本文拟引入法社会学的视角来重新检视法律的移植,使我们看到民法精神也是移植工作中至为关键的一步。本文首先对法律移植的概念稍作辨析,并通过展示法律可移植论与不可移植论之历史上的论战,意在说明：法律可否移植在今天已很难说是价值判断,而是无可回避的事实,实际上,对它的探讨其意义更多在于：在被移植法律本土化的过程中,怎样使法律移植更具实效性。之后通过引入法社会学的方法论,将法律所依存的社会环境都看作是法律的一部分,从而将法律的范畴扩展到整个社会秩序的意义上,即所谓“活的法律”。进而将对广义的社会秩序的吸收、引进都归置于法律移植的语境之下。就民法来讲,因其固有的价值内涵和伦理诉求,其实效的发挥亦需依存相应的政治条件、经济条件和思想条件,并且思想条件即民法精神在这些社会环境中又具有基础性的地位,以此引入民法精神移植的概念。然后将考察民法精神移植的案例,包括《法国民法典》和《德国民法典》。与一般意义上的理解不同,法德民法典这些所谓“原创性”的法典,笔者认为,这种“原创性”仅仅在法律文本或法律制度的意义上才可以成立。如果我们从一个更广阔的维度去检视它们,将蕴涵在法律文本和法律制度之下的法律精神纳入考察的视野,即以上述法社会学的视角来检讨,便会发现,在这个意义上,此类民法典亦可谓之曰法律移植的产物,质言之,是法律精神的移植。接着对中国的民事立法工作略作检讨,总结得失,重点分析所有权制度、土地制度、合同法制度和婚姻家庭法制度四个方面的立法现状。通过上述分析,本文最终将以法社会学的视角审视民法的移植,并结合国内外民事立法实践的经验和不足,力图阐明民法精神移植的意义之所在。
[Abstract]:As a latecomer modern country, the legislative path of law transplantation is inevitable in China. But what to transplant and how to transplant, at present, whether it is the academic theory research, or in the operational level of practice, in the past more attention is paid to the legal text and system construction, and often ignore the inner spirit of the law. This paper intends to introduce the perspective of sociology of law to re-examine the transplantation of law, so that we can see that the spirit of civil law is also a crucial step in the work of transplantation. This paper first analyzes the concept of legal transplantation, and by showing the historical controversy between portability and non-transplantability of law, it is intended to explain that it is difficult to say that whether law can be transplanted is a value judgment, but an unavoidable fact. In fact, its significance lies in: how to make the transplantation of law more effective in the process of localization of transplanted law. Then, by introducing the methodology of sociology of law, the social environment on which the law depends is regarded as a part of the law, thus extending the scope of the law to the meaning of the whole social order, that is, the so-called "living law". Then the absorption of the broad social order and the introduction of the law are placed under the context of transplantation. As far as the civil law is concerned, because of its inherent value connotation and ethical appeal, its effectiveness also depends on the corresponding political, economic and ideological conditions. And the ideological conditions, that is, the spirit of civil law has a basic position in these social environments, so the concept of transplanting the spirit of civil law is introduced. Then it will examine the cases of the transplantation of the spirit of civil law, including the French Civil Code and the German Civil Code. Different from the general understanding, the code of "originality" of the Franco-German Civil Code, the author believes that this "originality" can only be established in the sense of legal text or legal system. If we examine them from a broader perspective and bring the legal spirit contained under the legal text and legal system into the field of vision, that is, from the perspective of the sociology of law mentioned above, we will find that, in this sense, This kind of civil code can also be said to be the product of legal transplantation, in short, it is the transplant of legal spirit. Then it makes a brief review of the civil legislation in China, summarizes the gains and losses, and focuses on the analysis of the current legislative situation in four aspects: the ownership system, the land system, the contract law system and the marriage and family law system. Through the above analysis, this paper will finally examine the transplantation of civil law from the angle of sociology of law, and combine the experience and deficiency of civil legislation practice at home and abroad, trying to clarify the significance of the transplantation of civil law spirit.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D913

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