商事组织法中的强制性和任意性规范——以董事会制度为例

发布时间：2017-12-26 23:05

本文关键词：商事组织法中的强制性和任意性规范——以董事会制度为例　出处：《环球法律评论》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：对商事组织法中的任意性规范和强制性规范的一般看法是任意性规范促进自由而强制性规范则相反。法律现实主义和批判法学认为"强制"并非仅仅表现为约束,也包含一定"选择"。因此,商事组织法中的强制性规范事实上也具有一定"选择性"。人们传统上认为商事组织法仅仅增加任意性规范即可,但事实上仅仅增加任意性规范可能非但无法保障个人自由、反而可能会成为侵害个人自由的工具。立法对强制性和任意性规范的配置因而应以法律实效的实质分析为基础,而不应取决于规范类型是任意性规范还是强制性规范。打破任意性规范和促进自由选择之间虚假的对应关系,让妨碍自由选择的原因显明出来并在立法、司法过程里直面这些问题,法律才更有可能促进自由选择。
[Abstract]:The general view of arbitrariness and mandatory norms in the law of commercial organization is that arbitrary norms promote freedom while mandatory norms are the opposite. Legal realism and critical jurisprudence believe that "coercion" is not only a constraint, but also a certain "choice". Therefore, the mandatory norms in the commercial organization law also have a certain "selectivity" in fact. It is traditionally believed that commercial organization law only adds arbitrary norms, but in fact, only increasing arbitrary norms may not only guarantee personal freedom, but may become a tool to infringe on individual freedom. The allocation of mandatory and arbitrary norms should be based on the substantial analysis of legal effectiveness rather than on arbitrary norms or mandatory norms. Breaking the arbitrariness norms and promoting the false correspondence between free choices, showing the reasons for hindering free choice and facing these problems in the legislative and judicial process, the law is more likely to promote free choice.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.291.91
【正文快照】： 郭锐,中国人民大学法学院副教授。在公司法立法的相关学术讨论中,学界常把减少强制性规范的数量看作衡量立法进步与否的一个标准。例如,2005年公司法修订得到学界盛赞,其中一主要原因是学者看到该法律修订“处处虑及公司参与方之谈判空间,大大拓宽了任意性规范之适用范围。”

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