论我国公司章程自治的法律边界

发布时间：2018-01-16 01:26

本文关键词：论我国公司章程自治的法律边界　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司章程作为公司最重要的规范性文件,不仅在对外事务上具有指导意义,同时也是公司内部运营的重要依据。2014年3月1日修改生效的《公司法》,由于其自治条款的增多和自治空间的扩大,在实践中引发了依据公司章程自治的诸多纠纷案例,对于章程相关条款的效力认定也是莫衷一是。但是,公司自治边界的扩大并不是无限制的,而是公司法强制性法律规范与任意性法律规范之间的博弈之战。由于公司章程本身存在形式上的缺陷且具有涉他性法律特征,加之外部市场和价值观念的转变,这些都会影响章程自治最终目标的实现。因此,对章程作出限制是必要的。在划定章程自治边界的时候需要我们坚持两个基本原则,一是公平正义,二是效率原则,在保证公平的前提下追求效率,从而为确定章程法律边界的具体标准提供指导性原则。而《公司法》的相关条文以及司法实践中还存在很多问题,公司章程不仅结构单一,不同记载事项也不明确,会使章程自治边界在划分的时候无所适从,而具体标准的不确定、条款效力的模糊以及司法救济的不完善也给涉章纠纷的解决带来了很大的困难。因此,建议参照《合同法》中无效合同的相关判断标准,统一章程自治条款的效力,公司章程条款若违反了效力性强制性规定则章程条款无效,如果违反的是号召性和管理性规定,一般不认定无效,除非该条款同时损害了国家利益或社会公共利益。同时,细化章程记载事项分类,明确章程自治的具体标准,并借鉴英美法系的二元制章程结构形式,从而优化章程结构。而对于相关涉章纠纷的司法难题,可以以是否"善意"作为商事判断原则,希望为利益受损者寻求更好的司法救济。
[Abstract]:Normative documents the articles of association of the company as the company's most important, not only has the guiding significance in foreign affairs, also an important basis for internal operations is the company's.2014 in March 1st "Company Law > changes, due to the expansion of its autonomy in terms of increasing and autonomous space, in practice caused a lot of disputes on the basis of the articles of association of the company autonomy the validity of the relevant provisions of the articles of association, was also unable to agree on which is right. However, the company autonomy boundary expansion is not unlimited, but between corporate mandatory rules and arbitrary norms in the game battle. Due to the articles of association of the company itself is flawed form and has involved him the legal characteristics, coupled with the change of external market and value the concept of the implementation of these will affect the autonomy of the ultimate goal. Therefore, the articles of association of the restrictions is necessary. In the delineation of the autonomy of the boundary When we need to adhere to two basic principles, one is justice, two is the principle of efficiency, the pursuit of efficiency and fairness under the premise, so as to provide guiding principles for determining the specific standard of constitution law boundary. "There are still many problems in the relevant provisions of the company law and judicial practice, not only the single structure of the articles of association of the company and different items are not clear, will make the autonomy boundary loss in division, and the specific standard uncertainty, fuzzy clauses and judicial relief is not perfect also to solve disputes involving chapter has brought great difficulties. Therefore, according to the relevant criteria proposed" contract law "of invalid contract the effectiveness of autonomy in terms of unification, terms, if the articles of association of the company in violation of the provisions of mandatory charter provisions is invalid, if the violation of the provisions of call and management is generally not recognized, no Effect, unless the terms at the expense of the interests of the state or the public interest of the society. At the same time, the articles of association of refined items classification, specific standards of autonomy, and from two yuan for the Anglo American constitution structure, so as to optimize the structure of the articles of association. For the related chapter disputes judicial problem, whether to "good faith" as the business judgment principle, hope for the interests to seek better judicial relief.

【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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