海上保险法风险变更法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 23:58

本文关键词： 海上保险风险变更《海商法》修改　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在海上保险法中,风险变更法律制度旨在确定并维系海上保险合同存续的基础,以便使得保险人在此种基础发生变化时,能够有权终止合同或增加保费,从而达到控制承保风险的目的。英国海上保险法建立在《1906年海上保险法》和众多判例之上,其对英美法系国家有着深远的影响。风险变更在英国海上保险法中主要体现于航程制度和保证制度。然而令人遗憾的是,由于航运环境的改变以及随之而来的保险市场的发展,英国海上保险法中诸多古老的规则已经难以针对风险变更提供合理的裁判依据。虽然英国《2015保险法》的通过将极大地改善这一状况,但是先前英国海上保险法在风险变更方面暴露的诸多问题并不会因为新法的实施而从根本上被彻底杜绝。与此同时,由挪威制定的《北欧海上保险计划》已被北欧海上保险市场所广泛接受,其在大陆法系国家的影响力已然不容忽视。与英国海上保险法不同的是,《北欧海上保险计划》针对风险变更设立了专门的章节,因而其在调整风险变更情况下的保险法律关系时不仅规定更加完善,而且更具有可操作性。在风险变更问题上,我国立法与英国海上保险法和《北欧海上保险计划》的相关规定皆有相似之处。一方面,我国《海商法》第235条以及相关司法解释就保证制度作出了简要的规定,类似于《1906年海上保险法》；另一方面,我国《保险法》第49条和第52条确立了风险增加制度,其不仅与风险变更联系甚密,而且与《北欧海上保险计划》的调整模式相近。在这一法律背景下,如何就风险变更问题使我国海上保险立法有效地借鉴两大法系的典型调整模式便颇为值得研究。本文分为四个部分,第一章阐释了风险变更制度的核心内容与重要意义,并就其与相关民法制度进行了细致的对比,明确了风险变更制度的独立性与不可代替性。第二章分析了英国保险法中关于风险变更的规定,内容包括航程制度、保证制度、保险条款,以及《2015年保险法》对原有保证制度将会产生的影响。第三章着重介绍2013年版《北欧海上保险计划》中与风险变更有关的部分,内容包括《北欧海上保险计划》的制定背景和历史沿革,以及其中关于风险变更的一般规定和特别规定。第四章为我国海上保险立法提出了相关建议,其分析了在风险变更方面我国立法所暴露的问题,并且指出我国应当如何充分吸收前述两种调整模式的有益成分,从而取长补短,完善现有的相关法律制度。
[Abstract]:In the marine insurance law, the legal regime of risk change is designed to establish and maintain the basis for the survival of a marine insurance contract so that the insurer may have the right to terminate the contract or increase the premium in the event of a change in such a basis. In order to achieve the purpose of controlling underwriting risks, the British Maritime Insurance Law is based on the Marine Insurance Act of 1906 and many precedents. It has a profound influence on the common law countries. The risk change is mainly reflected in the voyage system and the guarantee system in the British marine insurance law. However, it is regrettable that. Because of the change of shipping environment and the development of insurance market. Many of the ancient rules of the British Maritime Insurance Act have been difficult to provide a reasonable basis for adjudication of risk changes, although the passage of the UK Insurance Act 2015 will greatly improve the situation. However, many of the problems exposed in the former British Maritime Insurance Law in terms of risk change will not be completely eliminated because of the implementation of the new law. At the same time. The Nordic Marine Insurance Scheme developed by Norway has been widely accepted by the Nordic Marine Insurance Market, and its influence in the countries of continental legal system can not be ignored. The Nordic Marine Insurance Plan has set up a special chapter for risk change, so it not only provides more perfect regulations when adjusting the legal relationship of insurance under the circumstance of risk change. And more operable. On the issue of risk change, our legislation and the British marine insurance law and "Nordic Marine Insurance Scheme" of the relevant provisions are similar. On the one hand. Article 235 of the Maritime Law of our country and the related judicial interpretation make a brief stipulation on the guarantee system, which is similar to the Marine Insurance Law of 1906; On the other hand, articles 49 and 52 of China's Insurance Law establish the risk increase system, which is not only closely related to risk change. And similar to the Nordic Marine Insurance Scheme's adjustment model. In this legal context. How to make the marine insurance legislation of our country draw lessons from the typical adjustment mode of the two legal systems effectively on the issue of risk change is worth studying. This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter explains the core content and significance of the risk change system, and makes a detailed comparison with the relevant civil law system. The second chapter analyzes the provisions of the British Insurance Law on risk change, including voyage system, guarantee system, insurance clause. And the impact of the Insurance Act of 2015 on the original security system. Chapter III focuses on the 2013 edition of Scandinavian Marine Insurance Plan which is related to risk changes. The contents include the background and historical evolution of the Nordic Marine Insurance Plan, and the general and special provisions on risk change. Chapter 4th provides relevant suggestions for China's marine insurance legislation. It analyzes the problems exposed by our country's legislation in the aspect of risk change, and points out how our country should fully absorb the beneficial elements of the two adjustment modes mentioned above, so as to learn from each other's weaknesses and perfect the existing relevant legal system.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D912.28;D912.29

【共引文献】