民间借贷风险的法律规制

发布时间：2018-01-21 22:19

本文关键词： 民间借贷风险规制合法地位担保体系　出处：《广东外语外贸大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民间借贷不可否认对我国经济发展起到了不可忽视的作用,特别是在解决中小企业融资难、农户生产生活所需资金、个体户资金周转等问题方面起到了重要的作用。由于我国并没有在法律制度层面赋予民间借贷合法的地位,民间借贷一直处于合法与非法的争议中。民间借贷作为自发性的市场活动,民间借贷活动主体性质本身蕴含着信用风险,民间借贷机构不合理的经营模式容易引发经营风险,加上我国对民间借贷的监管存在诸多问题,让民间借贷的风险暴露无遗。如何对民间借贷风险进行法律层面的规制让其发挥积极作用就十分必要。本文共四个部分。第一部分主要是写民间借贷风险类型及其成因分析,从对民间借贷的概念特点及存在形式入手,比较了中外学者对民间借贷的定义。笔者选择具有典型分析意义的珠三角作为研究视角,对珠三角进入司法程序的民间借贷纠纷案件150份判决书进行分析折射出我国民间借贷具有的特点。除此之外,对我国民间借贷具体的存在形式进行阐述,分别包括:直接借贷、合会、典当行、地下钱庄、小额贷款公司、私募基金等。着重分析了我国民间借贷具有哪些风险,主要包括地位模糊引发的民间借贷行为无效或者部分无效的风险、主体特征引发的违约风险、与刑法上规定的非法集资行为没有清晰界限引发两者之间进行转化的风险,以及因区域性特点和资金来源引发的系统性风险,以及引起风险存在的原因进行分析。第二部分主要写我国对民间借贷风险规制的立法现状以及分析了其存在的缺陷。分析我国现有法律在对民间借贷的法律地位的规定、民间借贷监管方面的法律规定、民间借贷市场准入方面的法律规定,并评价我国法律法规对民间借贷规制存在的缺陷。第三部分主要写域外民间借贷风险规制的经验以及对域外做法的评价。分析了日本、美国、中国香港地区对民间借贷在监管机构设置方面、立法上、市场准入方面、利率控制方面的做法,得出域外民间借贷具有完善的民间借贷风险监管主体制度、合理的民间借贷市场准入制度以及完备的民间借贷担保体系等特点。第四部门主要是完善我国民间借贷风险法律规制的设想,是本文的重点部分,包括肯定民间借贷的合法地位,包括从立法层面设立民间借贷的准入条件;建立多层次的民间借贷风险监管制度,主要是协调各主管部门的工作以及建立行业自律性的监管模式;界定与刑法上非法集资行为的界限以及建立中小企业信用担保体系等。
[Abstract]:Private lending can not be denied a role not to be ignored in China's economic development, especially in solving the financing difficulties of SMEs, farmers' production and living needs capital, liquidity and other aspects the self-employed problem has played an important role. Because our country is not in the legal system level to private lending legal status, private lending has been in legal and illegal private lending disputes. As a spontaneous market activities, private lending activities of the main nature itself contains the credit risk, private lending institutions unreasonable management mode easily lead to operational risks, and supervision of private lending in our country there are many problems, so that private lending risk completely unmasked how to carry on the legal level. The regulation of private lending risk and let it play a positive role is necessary. A total of four parts in this thesis. The first part is mainly about folk loan Analysis of the types and the causes of risk, and starting from the form features of the concept of private lending, private lending between Chinese and foreign scholars on the definition. The author has selected the typical analysis of the significance of the Pearl River Delta as a research perspective, borrowing the Pearl River Delta into the judicial process dispute cases 150 judgments analysis reflects the characteristics of our country private lending has. In addition, China's private lending to specific forms are described, including: direct lending, cooperation, pawn shops, underground banks, small loan companies, private equity funds are analyzed. What is China's private lending risk, including private lending behavior caused by the fuzzy position invalid or partially invalid risk, default risk caused by the characteristics of the main body, no clear boundaries with the provisions of the criminal law on illegal fund-raising behavior caused in transformation between the two wind Insurance, as well as caused by the regional characteristics and sources of systemic risk, and the causes of risk analysis. The second part is mainly about the status quo of China's legislation of private lending risk regulation and analyzes their shortcomings. The analysis of the present provisions of the law on the legal status of private lending, law the provisions of private lending regulatory laws and regulations, private lending market access, and evaluate the defects of China's laws and regulations exist on the regulation of private lending. The third part is about the extraterritorial experience in private lending risk regulation and evaluation of extraterritorial practice. Analysis of the United States, Japan, Hongkong area China of private lending is set up, in the regulatory legislation, market access, interest rate control approach, the foreign private lending has perfect folk credit risk supervision system, reasonable The characteristics of the private lending market access system and complete the private lending guarantee system. The fourth part is the perfection of legal regulation of China's private lending risk, is the key part of this paper, including confirm the legal status of private lending, including from the legislative level, the establishment of private lending access conditions; the establishment of a multi-level private lending risk supervision the system is mainly the coordination of various departments in charge of the work and the establishment of self-discipline and supervision mode; definition and criminal behavior of illegal fund-raising boundaries and the establishment of SME credit guarantee system.

【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28;D923.6

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