FOB下货运代理人交付提单法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 01:08

本文关键词： FOB 货运代理人实际托运人契约托运人提单　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国际贸易买卖双方采用FOB贸易条件进行交易时,通常由买方安排货物运输,卖方负责将货物装载至买方指定的船舶。在这一过程中,国外买方通常委托国内货运代理人为其办理订舱事宜,国内卖方为方便起见或按照国外买方的指示,将货物交予同一货运代理人,并委托其办理货物的装箱、内陆运输、报关等事宜。在该货运代理人与买卖双方均成立委托合同关系并且没有明确约定提单应当交付给谁的情况下,经常发生货运代理人将承运人签发的提单交予国外买方从而导致国内卖方失去货物控制权并无法收回货款的局面,国内卖方因此要求货运代理人赔偿其损失,这是海事司法实践中常见的纠纷形式。法院则往往依据2012年5月1日最高人民法院(以下简称"最高院")颁布实施的《关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》(以下简称"《货代规定》")第八条的规定,判定货运代理人负有向实际托运人(即国内卖方)交付提单的义务,货运代理人因此败诉而承担向实际托运人赔偿损失的责任。可见,货运代理人交付提单的问题直接关系到其自身权益的维护及国际贸易的正常进行,本文将以《货代规定》第八条为中心,对FOB下货运代理人交付提单的法律问题进行研究。本文将从以下五个部分对FOB下货运代理人交付提单法律问题进行研究:第一部分为概述。首先简要介绍货运代理人的定义,其次以《货代规定》施行后具有代表性的两则典型案例引出FOB下货运代理人交付提单的十个相关法律问题,最后分析产生FOB下货运代理人交付提单法律问题的原因。第二部分重点分析了 FOB下货运代理人交付提单的义务。首先从七个方面分析FOB下货运代理人向实际托运人交付提单的合理性,其次论述货运代理人交付提单义务的除外情形。第三部分探讨FOB下货运代理人如何履行其交付提单的义务,包括履行交付提单义务的条件、存在的障碍及解决措施,以及FOB下货运代理人交付提单的义务与实际托运人优先获得提单权利的平衡。第四部分阐述了货运代理人违反交付提单义务的法律责任,包括该法律责任的归责原则、货运代理人过错的认定及货运代理人所承担责任的比例问题。第五部分对货运代理人如何规避FOB下交付提单义务相关风险提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:When both parties in international trade use FOB terms of trade, the buyer usually arranges the carriage of the goods, and the seller is responsible for loading the goods to the ship designated by the buyer. The foreign buyer usually entrusts the domestic freight forwarder to handle the booking for him, and for the convenience of the domestic seller or in accordance with the instructions of the foreign buyer, the goods shall be delivered to the same freight forwarder, and shall be entrusted to handle the packing of the goods. Inland transportation, customs declaration and other matters. In the event that the freight forwarder and the buyer and seller have established an entrustment contract relationship and there is no clear agreement as to whom the bill of lading shall be delivered to. Freight forwarders often hand over bills of lading issued by the carrier to foreign buyers, which results in the domestic sellers losing control of the goods and unable to recover the payment for the goods. Therefore, the domestic sellers request the freight forwarders to compensate for their losses. This is a common form of dispute in maritime judicial practice. Courts are often based on the Supreme people's Court in May 1st 2012 (hereinafter referred to as the Supreme Court). The provisions of Article 8th of the provisions on the trial of some issues concerning disputes concerning Maritime Freight forwarding disputes promulgated and implemented (hereinafter referred to as "provisions for forwarders"). It is decided that the freight forwarder has the obligation to deliver the bill of lading to the actual shipper (that is, the domestic seller), and the freight forwarder is therefore liable to compensate the actual shipper for the loss. The delivery of bill of lading by freight forwarders has a direct bearing on the maintenance of their own rights and interests and the normal conduct of international trade. This article will focus on Article 8th. This paper studies the legal issues of the delivery of bill of lading by freight forwarders under FOB. This paper studies the legal issues of delivery of bills of lading by freight forwarders under FOB from the following five parts:. The first part is an overview. Firstly, the definition of freight forwarder is briefly introduced. Secondly, two typical cases after the implementation of "forwarder stipulation" lead to ten related legal issues about the delivery of bill of lading by freight forwarders under FOB. Finally, the reasons for the legal problems of forwarder delivery of bill of lading under FOB are analyzed. The second part focuses on the analysis. The obligation of freight forwarder to deliver bill of lading under FOB. Firstly, the rationality of delivery of bill of lading from freight forwarder to actual shipper under FOB is analyzed from seven aspects. The third part discusses how freight forwarders fulfill their obligations of delivery of bills of lading under FOB, including the conditions of fulfilling the obligations of delivery of bills of lading. Existing obstacles and solutions. And the balance between freight forwarder's obligation to deliver bill of lading and actual shipper's priority to obtain bill of lading under FOB. Part 4th expounds the legal liability of freight forwarder for breach of the obligation to deliver bill of lading. Including the principle of liability. Part 5th gives some suggestions on how freight forwarders avoid the risks associated with the obligation to deliver bills of lading under FOB.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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