海事强制令法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 12:07

本文关键词： 海事强制令行为保全玛瑞瓦禁令假处分先予执行财产保全　出处：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》(以下简称《海事诉讼特别程序法》)于1999年12月25日颁布,并于2000年7月1日生效施行。该法的实施标志着我国海事法制的一大进步,初步形成了比较完整的具有中国特色的海事司法体系,同时也结束了海事法院依据《民事诉讼法》审理海事案件的历史。《海事诉讼特别程序法》是《民事诉讼法》的特别法和有益补充,与《民事诉讼法》相比,包含不少新颖的制度,海事强制令便是其中之一。该制度解决了海事法院多年来无法通过责令被请求人为一定行为或不为一定行为从而保护请求人合法权益的难题,消除了适用法律不当的顾虑,完善了我国的保全制度。它的出现为维护海事经济次序和法律关系以及维护海事诉讼当事人的合法权益,起到了积极作用。但如同任何一项新的制度会存在缺陷,海事强制令制度在海事诉讼实践中也暴露了很多问题,既有制度设计上的缺陷,也有立法规定上的空白,这些都阻碍了海事强制令在实践中发挥作用。因此,对海事强制令制度进行理论探讨以及对该制度提出完善立法的建议具有相当重要的意义。本文分为四个部分,约三万字。第一部分阐述了海事强制令的概念,通过对行为保全含义及特点的分析,揭示了海事强制令具有行为保全的性质,之后论述了海事强制令的管辖,以及与实体案件管辖之间的关系,最后分析了申请海事强制令的要件以及作出海事强制令的程序。女女第二部分探讨了海事强制令制度与我国相关法律制度的联系与区别,通过将海事强制令制度与先予执行制度以及财产保全制度进行对比分析,说明建立海事强制令制度的必要性和重要性。第三部分探讨了海事强制令制度与国外相关法律制度的联系与区别。海事强制令制度是在借鉴国外类似制度的基础上建立的,主要是英国的“玛瑞瓦禁令”和大陆法系国家的“假处分”制度,通过介绍两个国外相关法律制度并将它们与海事强制令制度作以比较,指出海事强制令制度的独创之处。第四部分重点论述了海事强制令制度的完善和发展。海事强制令制度在海事审判中发挥了重要作用,但《海事诉讼特别程序法》对海事强制令的规定稍显简单,仅11条,很难解决实践中出现的各种问题。对此,笔者主要从完善诉前海事强制令制度、构建海事请求人的义务机制、完善被请求人的救济途径以及完善海事强制令的域外效力四个问题入手,针对这些问题,提出自己的一些的建议,以期海事强制令在实践中更好的发挥作用。
[Abstract]:The Special procedure Law of the people's Republic of China for Maritime Litigation (hereinafter referred to as the Special procedure Law for Maritime Litigation) was promulgated on December 25th 1999. It came into effect on July 1st 2000. The implementation of this law marks a great progress of maritime legal system in China, and a relatively complete maritime judicial system with Chinese characteristics has been initially formed. At the same time, it also ends the history of maritime cases heard by maritime courts according to the Code of Civil procedure. The Special procedure Law of Maritime Proceedings is the special law and beneficial supplement of the Civil procedure Law. Compared with the Civil procedure Law, it contains many new systems. Maritime injunction is one of them. This system solves the problem that the maritime court has been unable to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the claimant by ordering the claimant to act or not to act for many years. The system of preservation in our country has been improved, which is to maintain the order of maritime economy and the legal relationship, and to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to maritime litigation. But as any new system will have defects, maritime injunction system in maritime litigation practice also exposed a lot of problems, there are defects in the design of the system. There are also gaps in legislative provisions that prevent maritime injunctions from playing a role in practice. It is of great significance to probe into the maritime injunction system theoretically and to put forward some suggestions to perfect the legislation. This paper is divided into four parts, about 30,000 words. The first part expounds the concept of maritime injunction, through the analysis of the meaning and characteristics of act preservation, reveals the nature of maritime injunction with act preservation, and then discusses the jurisdiction of maritime injunction. And the relationship between the maritime injunction and the jurisdiction of the entity case. Finally, the paper analyzes the elements of applying for the maritime injunction and the procedure of making the injunction. The second part discusses the relationship and difference between the maritime injunction system and the related legal system of our country, and makes a comparative analysis of the maritime injunction system, the pre-execution system and the property preservation system. It explains the necessity and importance of establishing the system of maritime injunction. The third part discusses the relationship and difference between the maritime injunction system and the foreign related legal system. The maritime injunction system is established on the basis of drawing lessons from similar foreign systems. It is mainly the "Mariwa injunction" of Britain and the "false disposition" system of the countries of civil law system. By introducing the relevant legal systems of two foreign countries and comparing them with the system of maritime injunction. Points out the originality of maritime injunction system. Part 4th focuses on the improvement and development of maritime injunction system, which plays an important role in maritime trial. However, the provisions of maritime injunction in the Special procedure Law of Maritime Litigation are a little simple, only 11 articles, so it is difficult to solve all kinds of problems in practice. For this reason, the author mainly improves the system of maritime injunction before litigation. Starting with the construction of the obligation mechanism of maritime claimants, the improvement of relief channels and the extraterritorial effects of maritime injunctions, this paper puts forward some suggestions on these issues. With a view to maritime injunction in practice to play a better role.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D925.1

【引证文献】