“香通公司诉昊跃公司股权转让案”的案例分析

发布时间：2018-01-31 05:49

本文关键词： 股东出资出资义务加速到期　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保护公司、股东以及债权人的合法利益是现代公司法立法的重要宗旨。在公司司法实践中,各主体之间的利益会发生一定的冲突,这就需要法律做出衡平保护各商事主体的合法利益。公司资本制度改革后,公司债权人保护面临新的挑战。本文试对“香通公司诉昊跃公司股权转让案”进行分析论证,从香通公司的诉讼请求出发,以香通公司能否请求昊跃公司承担责任、香通公司能否请求昊跃公司股东承担责任为切入点,对该案例进行分析,试图解释认缴资本制之下股东出资义务与债权人保护问题。香通公司与昊跃公司签订的《股权转让协议》依法成立并且有效,转让方香通公司在合同约定的期限内完成了股权交付并且变更了工商登记,受让方昊跃公司理应按照合同支付股权转让款,香通公司请求昊跃公司承担责任应该得到支持。香通公司能否请求昊跃公司股东承担责任成为案件争论的焦点问题。公司注册资本制度在《公司法》修订之后体现出巨大的变化,股东出资被赋予更高的自主性,股东出资既不被限制最低额度,又可以完全自主决定出资的期限。当公司不能偿还公司债权人到期的合法债务之时,非破产的场合下股东出资义务是否应该加速到期以清偿公司债务成为理论与实践中急需解决的问题。股东出资义务兼具法定性与约定性。关于股东出资期限的约定属于股东与公司之间,股东与股东之间的一种内部约定,这种内部约定所赋予股东的期限利益并不能适用于外部关系。股东出资义务的法定性决定了股东对于出资义务的履行不能按照一般债权来加以理解,公司是法人组织,股东出资是公司财产的重要组成部分,股东出资的履行情况关系到公司的发展,因此当公司面对到期债务难以清偿时,股东不能以其对公司的出资义务尚未到期为由进行抗辩。股东在公司设立之初所认缴的出资在其认缴之日起就应视为公司的财产,股东因享有期限利益而不需要即时缴付,但是当公司遇到不能清偿债务的状况之时,股东应提前完成出资的义务,无条件的将原就属于公司的财产归还于公司以清偿债务。总而言之,在非破产场合下肯定股东出资义务加速到期,既保护了债权人合法利益,又使公司免于陷入破产,是为一条高效合理的路径。因此香通公司请求昊跃公司股东承担责任也应该得到支持。为了避免股东之间恶意串通,恶意利用其对出资期限与金额的自主权,故而应判定昊跃公司新老四位股东在未出资本息范围内对香通公司承担责任。出于对公司效率与自治的考虑,昊跃公司的减资行为应认定有效,但是其瑕疵亦是不可忽略,其减资行为对已知债权人香通公司并不产生对抗效力,昊跃公司各股东仍应以减资前的认缴出资为限对香通公司承担责任。
[Abstract]:Protecting the legitimate interests of companies, shareholders and creditors is an important purpose of modern company law legislation. In the judicial practice of companies, there will be certain conflicts between the interests of various subjects. This requires the law to balance the protection of the legitimate interests of commercial subjects. After the reform of the company's capital system. The company creditor protection faces new challenge. This article tries to "Xiangtong Company v. Haoyue Company equity transfer case" for analysis and argumentation, proceeding from the lawsuit request of Xiangtong Company. This paper analyzes the case by whether Xiangtong Company can ask Haoyue Company to assume responsibility, and whether Xiangtong Company can ask the shareholders of Haoyue Company to assume responsibility as a starting point. This paper tries to explain the obligation of shareholders' contribution and the protection of creditors under the system of subscription capital. The "share transfer Agreement" signed between Xiangtong and Haoyue Company is established and effective according to law. The transferor Xiangtong Company completed the delivery of the shares and changed the industrial and commercial registration within the time limit stipulated in the contract, and the transferor Fang Haoyue Company shall pay the share transfer amount in accordance with the contract. Xiangtong's request to Haoyue to assume responsibility should be supported. Whether Xiangtong can ask its shareholders to assume responsibility has become the focus of controversy in the case. The Company's registered Capital system after the revision of the Company Law. Showing great changes. Shareholders are given a higher degree of autonomy, shareholders are not limited to the minimum amount of capital, but also can completely determine the time limit of the contribution, when the company can not repay the company creditors due legal debt. It is urgent to solve the problem in theory and practice whether or not the shareholder's obligation of capital contribution should be matured in order to pay off the company's debt under the circumstance of non-bankruptcy. The obligation of shareholder's contribution is both legal and agreed. On the term of shareholder's contribution. It must be between the shareholders and the company. An internal agreement between shareholders and shareholders. The term benefits of this kind of internal agreement can not be applied to the external relationship. The legal nature of the shareholder's contribution obligation determines that the shareholder's performance of the investment obligation can not be understood according to the general creditor's rights. The company is a legal person organization, the shareholder contribution is an important part of the company property, the performance of the shareholder contribution is related to the development of the company, so when the company is faced with the debt due is difficult to pay off. Shareholders may not plead on the ground that their obligation to contribute to the company has not yet expired. The contributions subscribed by shareholders at the beginning of the establishment of the company shall be regarded as the property of the company from the date of their subscription. Shareholders do not need to pay immediately because they enjoy the benefits of the term, but when the company encounters a situation where the company is unable to pay off its debts, the shareholder shall fulfill his obligation to contribute in advance. In short, in the case of non-bankruptcy, the affirmation of the acceleration of the maturity of the shareholder's contribution obligations, both protect the legitimate interests of creditors. It is an efficient and reasonable way to prevent the company from falling into bankruptcy. Therefore, Xiangtong should also be supported to ask its shareholders to assume responsibility. In order to avoid malicious collusion between shareholders. Maliciously taking advantage of its autonomy on the duration and amount of capital contribution, it should be decided that the new and old four shareholders of Haoyue Company should be held responsible for Xiangtong Company within the scope of unfunded principal and interest, and out of consideration of the efficiency and autonomy of the company. The capital reduction behavior of Haoyue Company should be considered as effective, but its defects can not be ignored, and its capital reduction behavior does not have antagonistic effect on known creditor Xiangtong Company. The shareholders of Haoyue Company should still be held responsible to Xiangtong Company by subscribing to the capital contribution before the capital reduction.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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