中国的绿色信贷政策：克服其政策实施过程中的障碍因素

发布时间：2018-02-05 02:08

  本文关键词： 绿色信贷 赤道原则 可持续发展 环境污染责任保险　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：两个多世纪以来,世界技术的发展和进步不断地改变着人们的生产方式,同时也为人们的生活提供了便利。但是,这样的变化给地球上的生态环境带了巨大的改变。其中较为明显的就是对气候的影响:气候变暖,冰川融化和海平面上升。这些严重的负面影响在二十世纪末引发了世界的广泛讨论,世界范围内的合作在不断寻求改善现状、缓解问题的方法。继1972年在斯德哥尔摩联合国人类环境会议之后,1992年的联合国环境与发展会议在人类的环境保护与可持续发展进程上迈出了重要的一步。此次会议敦促各国政府、国际组织和公众积极因对环境污染和生态恶化,为人类的可持续发展共同做出努力。自此以后,可持续发展成为各个领域关注的重点,其中就包括可持续性融资,也称为环境融资、绿色金融。1992年的联合国环境与发展会议为可持续性融资提供了一个机会,联合国环境规划署和世界性金融机构共同签署了金融机构对可持续发展的承诺,共同关注金融服务对环境和社会的影响,力求将环境、社会和政府管理的因素共同纳入可持续融资的决策系统。二十世纪以后,赤道原则发展起来(开始实施于2003年),签署的金融机构必须在提供金融服务的同时接受赤道原则的要求,对目标项目进行评估并核实其社会和环境风险。最后在此基础上,做出决定。除此之外,国际社会上的联合国负责人投资原则、GRI可持续性报告指导原则等都对可持续性融资的发展进行补充,不断推动国际社会上的金融机构利用金融工具为可持续发展做出贡献。中国自改革开放以来,经济和社会不断进步,人民生活水平不断提高。但是这种以牺牲环境为代价的经济发展最终带来了严重的环境问题:空气污染、水污染、酸雨、沙城暴等。这些问题都给人类的健康和社会的进步带来了影响,因此中国政府逐渐关注环境问题并试图利用绿色金融(也就是可持续性融资)改善现状。在中国,绿色金融主要包括绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险等。从2007年绿色信贷政策的正式推行以来,它的发展并不如人意,没有收到预期的效果。因此本文主要分析影响绿色信贷政策实施的障碍因素,将影响绿色信贷政策实施的障碍因素分为内部因素和外部因素,内部因素就是来自于金融机构(例如银行)内部的因素,外部因素就是由金融机构外部行为体所导致的因素。本文的分析过程表明通过以下措施可以解决内部因素:加强金融机构的社会责任感,在金融机构内部构建更全面的环境风险管理系统,并对银行员工进行更为专业的训练。对外部因素而言,政府可以采取以下措施:建立健全的绿色信贷法律体系,完善信息共享系统,加强监管机制,实施环境污染责任保险制度并将其同绿色信贷政策协调统一。企业需要服从环境法律和规章制度的规定,及时披露真实信息,在产品生产标准上接受国际准则,并实施环境管理系统。非政府组织和公众需要对政府和金融机构进行监督,同时提高为实现绿色经济而努力的公众意识。目前中国实施绿色信贷政策的障碍性因素较为明显,但是并不是无法克服的。绿色信贷在中国实现可持续发展的过程中日益重要。
[Abstract]:More than two centuries, the world technology development and progress constantly changing people's mode of production, but also provides convenience for people's life. However, this change has brought the enormous change to the ecological environment on the earth. One of the more obvious is the impact of climate warming, melting glaciers. And the sea level rise. The negative impact of these serious triggered widespread discussion in the world at the end of twentieth Century, worldwide cooperation in seeking to improve the present situation, methods to alleviate the problem. Following the 1972 in Stockholm after the United Nations Conference on the human environment, the United Nations Conference on environment and development in 1992 is an important step in environmental protection the human and the process of sustainable development. The meeting urged governments, international organizations and the public actively because of environmental pollution and ecological deterioration, for the sustainable development of human beings To make the effort. Since then, the sustainable development has become the focus of attention in various fields, including sustainable financing, also known as the financing environment, the United Nations Conference on environment and development of green finance.1992 for sustainable financing provides an opportunity for the United Nations Environment Planning Department and the international financial institutions signed a financial institution commitment to sustainable development, concern the impact of financial services on the environment and society, and strive to be the factors of social environment, and government management into decision-making system of sustainable financing. After twentieth Century, the equator principles developed (launched in 2003), financial institutions signed must accept the equator principles in providing financial services at the same time the goal of the project requirements, evaluate and verify its social and environmental risks. Finally make a decision on the basis of this,. In addition, the international community The head of the United Nations investment principle, to supplement the GRI sustainability reporting guidelines and so on sustainable financing for development, and constantly promote the financial institutions on the international community to use financial tools to make contribution to the sustainable development of Chinese. Since the reform and opening up, economic and social progress, and constantly improve people's living standards. But the the expense of the environment and economic development finally brought serious environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, acid rain, sandstorm and so on. These problems are to human health and social progress has brought influence, so Chinese government gradually pay attention to environmental problems and tried to use green finance (i.e. sustainable financing) to improve the present situation. In Chinese, green finance mainly includes green credit, green bonds, green insurance. Since 2007 the formal implementation of the green credit policy, its development is not And did not receive the desired results. This paper mainly analyzes the influence factors of the green credit policy implementation, the factors affecting the implementation of the green credit policy barriers are divided into internal factors and external factors, internal factors from financial institutions (such as banks) internal factors, external factors is caused by external financial behavior mechanism. The analysis process that can be solved by the following measures: strengthen the internal factors of financial institutions, social responsibility, construction of environmental risk management system comprehensively in financial institutions, and the bank staff more professional training. On the external factors, the government can take the following measures: to establish and improve the green credit legal system, perfecting the information sharing system, strengthen the supervision mechanism, the implementation of environmental pollution liability insurance system and the green credit policy Adjustable. Enterprises need to obey unified provisions of laws and regulations, the timely disclosure of real information, accept international norms in the product standard, and the implementation of environmental management system. Non governmental organizations and the public need to supervise the government and financial institutions, and improve in order to realize the green economy and the efforts of public awareness. Obstacles at present Chinese the implementation of the green credit policy is obvious, but not insurmountable. More and more important to realize the sustainable development in the process of green credit in China.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.282
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本文编号：1491811