美国房屋租金管制制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 04:35

本文关键词： 租金管制房屋租赁　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：房屋租金管制制度在很多国家存在,而美国房屋租金管制制度是其中的一个典型。美国的租金管制始于一战时期,主要通过是限制租金最高额,来保障中低收入家庭居住权。很多国内学者都有对我国是否应该实行租金管制的问题发表看法,有关租金管制的文章也基本都会以是否应该在中国实施租金管制为主题。不管是支持还是反对,对于这个问题的论证已经相当充分,仁者见仁,智者见智,已经不需要在这个问题上多做讨论。房屋租金管制制度自一战在美国实行至今已经一百年了,在两次世界大战和经济大萧条期间都起到了稳定国内租金水平的积极作用,但是由于它对房东财产权的严格限制,那时作为紧急措施的房屋租金管制总是在紧急情况消除后就被废止,每次它的实施都会引起巨大争议。它曾在全国施行但现在只有几个州的少数城市保留,可令人惊讶的是这个制度并没有应为实施范围的缩小渐渐在美国消失,它在纽约、洛杉矶等城市仍然发挥巨大的作用,制度也日臻完善,这不禁让人疑惑这个特殊的制度是怎么在争议中保留发展至今,又为什么没有被彻底废止,反而在为数不多的大都市依旧起着重要作用。这个制度本身所带有的矛盾色彩让人忍不住探探究竟,于是本文就带着这些问题去探究这个特别的制度。本文主要分为四大部分:第一部分是美国租金管制的概述。主要从它的含义,被实施的原因、历史演进介绍;第二部分是美国租金管制的具体内容以及围绕房屋租金管制制度产生的各种争议。内容包括租金管制存在的形式、租金上限的设置、适应对象以及收回房屋的限制等,争议围绕其与合宪性的冲突、与契约自由的冲突、与财产权的冲突以及租金管制与公平的冲突等方面展开;第三部分是租金管制为什么能行之有效。这一部分主要从租金管制制度本身、美国房屋租赁法、美国住房保障政策等方面去寻找原因;最后一部分是美国房屋租金管制能带来的启示。本文从美国房屋租金管制制度本身出发,分析该制度得以在质疑与反对声中发展延续的原因。作为一项保护公民居住权,带有社会保障性质的法律制度,如何在实施过程中达到社会保障效果,平衡政府与公民、房东与房客之间的关系本身就是该法律制度的亮点。我国并不是没有保护公民住房权的法律法规,但是这些法律规定却不能真正实现其法律目的。本文通过对美国房屋租金管制制度的研究发现,以社会保障为内容的法律更需要与社会的现实进行接洽和磨合,不断完善。我国正处于社会的转型期,社会问题层出不穷,弱势群体的权益保障问题急需解决,公民的居住权是公民的基本权利,照搬美国租金管制制度解决不了中国的租房问题,但是它能为我国住房租赁法律的完善、调控租金、房东与房客利益协调和保障等方面提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Housing rent control systems exist in many countries, and the United States housing rent control system is a typical example. Rent control in the United States began during the first World War, mainly by limiting the maximum amount of rent. To protect the right of residence of low- and middle-income families. Many domestic scholars have expressed their views on whether China should implement rent control. Articles on rent control will also basically focus on whether or not rent control should be implemented in China. Whether it is for or against, the argument on this issue is already quite strong. There is no need for more discussion on this issue. The housing rent control system has been in place in the United States for 100 years since World War I. it has played a positive role in stabilizing domestic rent levels during the two world wars and the Great Depression. But because of its strict restrictions on landlords' property rights, the rent controls that were used as an emergency measure were always abolished after the emergency had been eliminated. Every time it's implemented, it's a huge controversy. It's been in place across the country, but now it's kept in a few cities in only a few states, but surprisingly, the system is not going to fade away in the United States because of the narrowing of the scope of implementation, it's in New York. Cities such as Los Angeles still play a huge role and the system is becoming more and more perfect, which makes people wonder how this particular system has been maintained in the dispute and has not been completely abolished. On the contrary, it still plays an important role in a small number of big cities. The first part is an overview of rent control in the United States, mainly from its meaning, the reasons for its implementation, the historical evolution; The second part is the specific content of rent control in the United States and the various disputes surrounding the rent control system of housing. The contents include the form of rent control, the setting of rent ceiling, the object of adaptation and the restrictions on the resumption of housing, etc. The disputes revolve around the conflicts between them and the constitutionality, with the freedom of contract, with the property rights, and with the rent control and fairness. The third part is why rent control can be effective. This part mainly from rent control system itself, the United States housing rental law, the United States housing security policy and other aspects to find out the reasons; The last part is the inspiration that American housing rent control can bring. This paper analyzes the reason why the housing rent control system in the United States has been able to continue in the process of questioning and opposition, as a way to protect citizens' right of residence. The legal system of social security, how to achieve the social security effect in the process of implementation, and how to balance the government and citizens, The relationship between landlords and tenants is in itself the highlight of the legal system. China is not without laws and regulations to protect citizens' right to housing. However, these legal provisions can not really achieve their legal purpose. This paper, through the study of the housing rent control system in the United States, finds that the social security laws need to be approached and run in line with the reality of society. Our country is in the transition period of society, social problems emerge one after another, the rights and interests of vulnerable groups need to be solved urgently, the right of residence of citizens is the basic right of citizens, Copying the American rent control system can not solve the rental problem in China, but it can provide a useful reference for the perfection of the law of housing lease, the regulation of rent, the coordination and protection of the interests of the landlord and the tenant, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29

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