论隐名出资人股东资格的认定

发布时间：2018-02-14 04:36

本文关键词： 隐名出资人名义股东股东资格　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,有限责任公司中由于隐名出资而引发的纠纷频频发生,而“隐名出资人是否具有股东资格”作为所有相关纠纷的基础性问题也在司法实务界和理论学术界引起广泛探讨。《公司法解释(三)》的出台为隐名出资纠纷的相关裁判提供了指引,然而司法实践中的问题并没有因此得到解决:相关法条间存在冲突的情况使得司法实践中涌现出大量“同案不同判,同判不同理”的现象。这不仅降低了司法公信力,也使得相关当事人对于自己的法律地位无所适从。隐名出资人的股东资格认定不仅仅是司法实践中“认定”的问题。所谓“股东资格确认之诉”解决的不是“谁应该是股东”而是“谁本来就是股东”的问题。隐名出资人股东资格认定的整体思路可以尝试转变为看他是否以及在什么时候取得股东资格。顺着这一研究思路,笔者从股东资格取得过程中分析出股东资格取得的两大要件:“民事主体向公司作出其欲成为股东的意思表示”和“公司其他股东接受该民事主体为股东”,并将这两大要件作为评判标准,界定隐名出资人是否具有股东资格。除引言和结论外,本文共分四个章节,主要内容如下:第一章就隐名出资的基本理论进行阐释和分析。通过对隐名出资的概念、特征分析,界定了本文的研究对象,同时分析隐名出资人形成的原因,为后续讨论奠定基础。第二章就隐名出资人股东资格认定的立法和司法现状进行分析,指出我国《公司法解释(三)》的不完备之处以及司法实践中存在的一些问题,同时将视角投向国外,观察比较法上对于类似问题的处理路径。虽然比较法上对于我国司法实践中的类似问题均有相应的解决规则,但由于法律体系和法律传统不同,域外法制很难直接为我所用,因而需要我国学者就本土问题寻求适合本土的解释方法与处理规则。第三章就我国关于隐名出资人股东资格认定的各种学说进行分析。本文将表明,现有的各种学说无论是实质标准说、形式标准说、还是区别说,均存在漏洞,难以全面解释隐名出资法律关系中隐名出资人股东资格认定这一问题。本文尝试从股东资格取得入手来探讨隐名出资人股东资格认定问题。将隐名出资人是否符合股东资格取得条件作为判断隐名出资人是否具有股东资格的标准。在该标准下以“谁向公司作出欲成为股东的意思表示”和“公司其他股东接纳谁为股东”两个问题考查隐名出资中谁是公司股东的问题。同时,在对隐名出资情况类型化分析的基础上,按照本文提出的标准具体分析在各种类型的隐名出资中隐名出资人的股东资格认定。第四章提出完善我国隐名出资人资格认定的建议,从立法层面、构建股权信托制度两个方面进行完善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, disputes caused by anonymous capital contribution have occurred frequently in limited liability companies. "whether the dormant investor has shareholder qualification", as the basic issue of all related disputes, has also aroused extensive discussion in judicial practice and academic circles. The introduction of "Company Law interpretation (3)" is the origin of the dispute of anonymous capital contribution. The referee provided guidance. However, the problems in judicial practice have not been solved because of the conflict between relevant laws and regulations, which leads to the emergence of a large number of phenomena in judicial practice, such as "different judgments in the same case and different reasoning in the same judgment", which not only reduces the credibility of the judiciary, but also reduces the judicial credibility. It also makes the relevant parties at a loss as to their own legal status. The shareholder qualification of anonymous investors is not only a matter of "cognizance" in judicial practice. The so-called "shareholder qualification confirmation action" is not "who"? It should be the shareholder "but the question of" who is the shareholder ". The whole idea of the shareholder qualification of the anonymous investor can be tried to change to see if and when he will get the shareholder qualification. Follow this research line. From the process of obtaining the shareholder's qualification, the author analyzes the two important requirements for the acquisition of the shareholder's qualification: "the civil subject expresses to the company its intention to become a shareholder" and "the other shareholders of the company accept the civil subject as the shareholder". The two important elements are used as the criterion of judgment. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters, the main contents are as follows: the first chapter explains and analyzes the basic theory of anonymous capital contribution. This paper defines the research object of this paper, and analyzes the causes of the formation of anonymous investors, laying a foundation for the follow-up discussion. Chapter two analyzes the legislative and judicial status quo of shareholder qualification of anonymous investors. This paper points out the incompleteness of our country's Company Law interpretation (3) and some problems existing in judicial practice. At the same time, it puts the angle of view abroad. Observe the approach to similar problems in comparative law. Although comparative law has corresponding rules for solving similar problems in judicial practice in our country, due to different legal systems and legal traditions, extraterritorial legal system is difficult to be directly used by us. Therefore, it is necessary for Chinese scholars to seek appropriate interpretation methods and handling rules for local issues. Chapter three analyzes the various theories about shareholder qualification of anonymous investors in China. There are loopholes in all kinds of existing theories, whether they are substantive standard theory, formal standard theory or distinction theory. It is difficult to fully explain the problem of shareholder qualification of anonymous investor in the legal relationship of anonymous capital contribution. This paper attempts to discuss the problem of shareholder qualification of anonymous investor from the perspective of shareholder qualification. The qualification of a joint shareholder is used as a criterion for determining whether a dormant investor has a shareholder qualification. Under this criterion, two criteria are used: "who makes the intention to the company to become a shareholder" and "who is accepted as a shareholder by the other shareholders of the company" The question of who is the shareholder of the company in the anonymous capital contribution. At the same time, On the basis of the analysis of the types of anonymous capital contribution, according to the standard proposed in this paper, the author concretely analyzes the shareholder qualification of the anonymous investor in various types of capital contribution. Chapter 4th puts forward some suggestions to perfect the qualification of the anonymous investor in our country. From the legislative level, the construction of equity trust system two aspects to improve.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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