投保方保险合同解除权研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 20:34

本文关键词： 投保人被保险人受益人解除权溯及力期限　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保险合同解除作为保险法规制的重要内容,既具有合同解除内容的一般属性,又具有保险合同解除的明显特殊性。法学界关于保险合同解除的讨论向来热烈,学界从不同角度对保险合同解除的概念、性质、解除要件和解除效力等对保险合同解除问题孜孜不倦地研究,力求提供完善的立法建议,解决实际保险合同解除中出现的问题和矛盾。投保人、被保险人,受益人作为与保险公司相对的投保方,对保险合同解除均有重要影响和作用,是保险合同解除的立法设计需要平衡的利益诉求者。我国目前保险法中对于投保方解除保险合同的规定并不完善。在赋予投保方合同解除权主体方面,仅规定了投保人享有任意解除权；在投保方合同解除权期限和投保方行使保险合同解除权的溯及力方面均未规定。这给实践中的投保方合同解除带来不便,亦带来保险合同双方权利义务的不稳定状态。本文的主要结构包含五大部分,前言中阐述了研究投保方解除保险合同的意义和价值,并引述了保险合同解除的基础概念；文章的中间三部分是核心内容,分别从投保方合同解除权的主体、投保人任意解除权的期限和保险合同解除后是否具有溯及力三个方面指出当下立法的不足,并从理论和实务的角度阐述调整投保人任意解除权的重要性和必要性。借鉴国外立法例,结合本国实际情况,综合目前学界的研究成果,认为应当对投保方保险合同解除权主体重构,在保留投保人自由解除保险合同的同时,对被保险人和受益人进行适当救济,一方面强化被保险人在保险合同订立前和订立中对保险合同的“控制”,另一方面在投保人要求解除保险合同时赋予被保险人知情权和代替投保人成为合同当事人履行合同义务的替代权；关于受益人在投保人要求解除保险合同时是否有效力维持的权利,笔者从受益人的受益权具有相对独立的性质方面,认为在保险事故发生前受益人没有实际的权利,因而也无需赋予其维持合同效力的相关权利；在投保人解除保险合同的期限方面,由两个案例为出发点,引出我国法律对于投保人保险合同解除期限规定的空白,在实践中使得合同利益相关人的权利义务关系处于不稳定的状态,从对解除权的限制方面探讨应当增设投保人行使保险合同解除权的期限：即投保人在保险合同成立后,保险事故发生前有权行使合同解除权。在投保人合同解除权在投保方解除保险合同是否具有溯及力的问题上,笔者梳理了目前学界的不同观点,并创新提出,投保人解除保险合同原则上和本质上都是具有溯及力的。最后一部分是结语,提出对我国保险法的期待和立法展望。
[Abstract]:As an important content of the insurance law, the rescission of insurance contract has both the general attribute and the obvious particularity of the rescission of the contract. Scholars from different angles of the concept of termination of insurance contract, the nature of the lifting requirements and rescission of the effectiveness of the issue of termination of the insurance contract to work tirelessly, and strive to provide perfect legislative advice, To solve the problems and contradictions in the actual termination of the insurance contract. The insured, the insured and the beneficiary, as the insurant opposite to the insurance company, have an important influence and function on the termination of the insurance contract, Is the legislative design of the termination of insurance contract needs to balance the interests of the claimant. Our current insurance law for the termination of the insurance contract is not perfect. It only stipulates that the policyholder shall have the right of arbitrary rescission; neither the term of the right of rescission of the contract of the insured nor the retroactive effect of the right of rescission of the contract of the insured party shall be stipulated. This brings inconvenience to the rescission of the contract of the insured party in practice. The main structure of this paper consists of five parts. In the preface, the significance and value of the study on the termination of the insurance contract by the insured is expounded, and the basic concept of the termination of the insurance contract is quoted. The middle three parts of the article are the core content, pointing out the deficiency of the current legislation from three aspects: the subject of the right to rescind the contract of the insured, the term of the right to rescind arbitrarily and the retroactive effect of the rescission of the insurance contract. And from the angle of theory and practice, this paper expounds the importance and necessity of adjusting the policy holder's right of arbitrary rescission. It is considered that the subject of the right of rescission of the insurance contract of the insured should be reconstructed, and the insured and the beneficiary should be given appropriate relief while retaining the policy holder's freedom to terminate the insurance contract. On the one hand, it strengthens the insurant's "control" over the insurance contract before and during the conclusion of the insurance contract, on the other hand, it gives the insured the right to know and becomes a party to the contract instead of the policy holder when the policy holder demands the cancellation of the insurance contract. The right to substitute for the performance of contractual obligations; As to whether the beneficiary has the right to maintain effectively when the insured asks for the cancellation of the insurance contract, the author considers that the beneficiary does not have the actual right before the insurance accident, in view of the relatively independent nature of the beneficiary's right to benefit. Therefore, there is no need to grant them the relevant rights to maintain the validity of the contract. In terms of the duration of the termination of the insurance contract by the policy holder, two cases are taken as the starting point, which leads to the blank in the law of our country concerning the termination period of the insurance contract of the policy holder. In practice, the relationship between the rights and obligations of the contract stakeholders is in an unstable state. From the aspect of limitation of the right of rescission, it is discussed that the time limit for the policy holder to exercise the right of rescission of the insurance contract should be added: that is, after the establishment of the insurance contract, Before the occurrence of the insurance accident, the author has the right to exercise the right to rescind the contract. The last part is the conclusion, which puts forward the expectation and legislative prospect of the insurance law of our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284

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