试航船舶触碰法律责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 22:17

本文关键词： 试航触碰归责原则责任主体责任限制　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：试航船舶触碰是一个非常特殊的法律问题。首先,试航船具有移动能力,但尚未取得适航证书,其能否适用《海商法》存有争议；其次,试航船具有潜在危险性高、限制条件多等特点,而船舶触碰的受侵害物具有固定性的特征,这使得试航船触碰问题的归责原则与一般船舶碰撞或触碰事故不同；再次,船舶试航处于船舶建造完毕交付之前的特殊阶段,船厂与船舶买方的责任主体地位不甚明朗；最后,试航船舶触碰问题能否适用海事赔偿责任限制制度,司法实践与理论学界观点并不统一。笔者围绕着上述问题,对试航船舶触碰法律责任问题展开了一系列的研究与探讨。除引言和结论外,本文主体共分为四章。第一章介绍了试航船舶触碰的一些基本问题。包括试航的概念、内容与特点,船舶触碰的概念及构成、试航船舶触碰的法律适用等。通过比较试航船舶与《海商法》下的“海船”,着重分析试航船舶触碰能否适用《海商法》的规定。第二章在介绍一般海上侵权归责原则的基础上,分析我国对试航船舶触碰归责原则的司法实践与各学术观点,并结合试航船舶与触碰事故的特征等因素,提出试航船舶触碰应适用的归责原则。第三章首先分析海上侵权责任主体识别的三项基本原则以及我国对试航船舶触碰责任主体的相关立法规定,进而通过该基本原则与立法规定的指引,分析船厂与船舶买方以船舶所有人、船舶管理人等身份承担侵权责任的可能性。最后介绍了实践中专业试航单位与引航机构两种特殊责任主体。第四章分析海事赔偿责任限制制度的立法目的与形式要件,探讨试航船舶触碰事故中船舶、责任主体、限制性债权以及责任限额的计算是否符合海事赔偿责任限制的条件,并进一步阐述赋予责任主体责任限制权利的意义。
[Abstract]:It is a very special legal problem to touch a trial ship. First, the trial ship has the ability to move, but it has not yet obtained the seaworthiness certificate. Whether the ship can be applied to the Maritime Law is controversial; secondly, the test ship has a high potential danger. The limitation condition is many and so on, but the ship touches the object to have the fixed characteristic, this causes the ship to touch the question the responsibility principle to be different from the general ship collision or the contact accident; again, The ship trial is in the special stage before the ship is completed and delivered, and the position of the shipyard and the ship buyer is not clear. Finally, whether the ship touching the ship can apply the limitation system of maritime compensation liability, There is no unity between the judicial practice and the theory. The author has carried out a series of research and discussion on the legal liability of the trial ship touching with the above problems. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the author has made a series of researches on the legal liability of the trial ship. The main body of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces some basic problems of ship contact, including the concept, content and characteristics of trial navigation, the concept and composition of ship touch. By comparing trial ships with "sea vessels" under the Maritime Law, the author emphatically analyzes whether the rules of "maritime law" can be applied to the contact of trial ships. The second chapter introduces the general principles of liability for tort at sea. This paper analyzes on the judicial practice and various academic viewpoints of the principle of liability for collision of trial ships in China, and combines the characteristics of trial ships and collision accidents, and so on. The third chapter analyzes the three basic principles of the identification of the subject of maritime tort liability and the relevant legislative provisions of our country on the subject of contact liability of the trial ship. Then through the guidance of the basic principles and legislative provisions, the shipyard and the ship buyer as the owner of the ship, Finally, it introduces two kinds of special liability subjects in practice: professional trial unit and pilotage organization. Chapter 4th analyzes the legislative purpose and formal elements of the limitation system of maritime claims liability. This paper probes into whether the calculation of the ship, the subject of responsibility, the restrictive creditor's rights and the limit of liability in the collision accident of a trial ship conforms to the conditions of the limitation of liability for maritime claims, and further expounds the significance of granting the right to limit the liability of the subject of responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

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