政府规制视角下的我国网约车监管政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:05

本文关键词： 网约车政府规制公共政策监管体系　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：互联网技术的飞速发展催生了"共享经济"的繁荣,推动了代表性业态——网约车的壮大。我国的网约车业务虽起步于网络预约出租车,但在本质上与巡游出租车分属两个不同行业,甚至两者之间的竞争还引发了广泛的社会讨论。网约车问题表面上是市场需求与公平竞争无法平衡而产生的矛盾,但更深层次上是"互联网+,"背景下的共享经济与政府原有监管方式的冲突。对网约车的监管,需要一种连接传统与现代的新型规制模式来实现。这既考验政府的智慧与执行能力,也给"互联网+"时代的政府行政理念与规制改革提供了新的契机。国外政府对网约车的规制,经历了从前期的任其发展,到一定阶段的完全禁止,最后形成"严准入、重监管"模式的过程,不断修订完善现有法律。在国内,随着《网络预约出租车经营服务管理暂行办法》于2016年7月27日正式出台,标志着历时近两年的网约车合法化得到了中央政府层面的最终认可,由此政府对于网约车的规制开始进入有法可依的执行阶段。2016年10月以来,全国各大城市相继出台了地方性网约车规制政策。各地方性网约车政策由于各自实际情况的差异,在宽松程度上存在明显不同,主要存在两方面的问题:首先,规制理念滞后,当前出台的《暂行办法》和实施细则所体现的理念仍然是被动的管制,而缺乏主动的引导,只能在短时间内解决现有问题,客观上政府规制一直处于滞后状态;其次,规制手段的路径依赖,中央层面要求的"高品质、差异化"原则,被地方政府机械的执行为高于出租车的车型和定价,陷入了规制手段的路径依赖,并没有针对新兴行业的新方法,主要体现在平台准入、人员车辆准入、运营行为等内容照搬巡游出租车的规定。基于此,本研究认为政府规制网约车应当从三个方面改进:第一,创新规制思路。对于网约车的规制不能单从行业本身考虑,应当从公共交通行业的整体改革出发;摆脱路径依赖,基于"共享经济"的特性"另起炉灶";从"管制"到"服务",政府监管应当"重保障、轻干预"。第二,引入多元主体互动机制。发挥政府的引导作用,建立多部门参与的规制体系;明确市场调节的主导地位,在规制执行过程中应当尽可能地减少行政权力对行业发展的干预,将行业发展交由市场决定;明确社会主体的角色,尝试多中心的治理方式。第三,完善规制手段。完善立法,明确权责划分;加强中央统筹,避免地方自主权的滥用;减少直接规制手段,运用间接手段进行数量调节;坚持市场定价;对于运营行为的监管,应以引导为主、处罚为辅。在网络技术更新的大背景下,互联网与传统行业的结合才刚刚开始,会有越来越多的像"网约车"一样的新兴行业不断涌现,这是未来经济发展的趋势。同时,对网约车和"共享经济"来说,"合法化"只是混乱局面的结束,但未来的发展仍然是机遇挑战并存。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of Internet technology has given birth to the prosperity of "sharing economy", and has promoted the growth of the representative form of car-sharing. However, the competition between taxi and cruise taxi belongs to two different industries in essence, and even the competition between them leads to a wide range of social discussions. On the surface, the problem of ride-sharing is a contradiction between market demand and fair competition. But deeper is the conflict between the sharing economy in the context of the "Internet," and the government's original regulatory approach. A new regulatory model linking tradition and modernity is needed. This will test the wisdom and executive power of the government. It also provides a new opportunity for the reform of the government's administrative concept and regulation in the "Internet" era. Foreign governments' regulation of ride-sharing has experienced from the early stage of its development, to a certain stage of complete prohibition, and finally formed a "strict access," The process of heavy supervision "mode, constantly revising and perfecting the existing laws. In China, with the" interim measures for the Management of online Taxi booking Service "formally introduced in July 27th 2016, It marks that the legalization of ride-sharing has been approved by the central government for nearly two years, so the government's regulation on net-ride-sharing has begun to enter the stage of enforcement with laws to follow. Since October 2016, The local ride-sharing policy has been introduced in succession in each big city of China. Because of the difference of the actual situation, there are obvious differences in the degree of leniency, there are two main problems: first, the concept of regulation lags behind. The concept embodied in the present interim measures and implementation rules is still passive control, and the lack of active guidance can only solve the existing problems in a short time, objectively speaking, the government regulation has been lagging behind; secondly, The path dependence of regulatory means and the principle of "high quality, differentiation" required by the central level have been implemented by local government machinery as higher than taxi models and pricing, so they fall into the path dependence of regulatory means. There are no new methods for emerging industries, mainly embodied in platform access, personnel and vehicle access, operating behavior, and other aspects of copying the rules of cruise taxis. Based on this, This research thinks that the government regulation should be improved from three aspects: first, the innovation of regulatory thinking. The regulation of ride-sharing should not only be considered from the industry itself, but also from the overall reform of the public transport industry, and get rid of the path dependence. Based on the characteristics of "shared economy", "a new stove"; from "regulation" to "service", government supervision should "pay more attention to protection than intervention." second, the introduction of multi-agent interaction mechanism to play a leading role of the government. To establish a regulatory system of multi-sector participation, to clarify the dominant position of market regulation, to minimize the interference of administrative power in the development of the industry, to give the industry development to the market to decide, to clarify the role of the social subject, and to make clear the role of the social subject. Third, perfect legislation, clear the division of power and responsibility; strengthen the central planning, avoid the abuse of local autonomy; reduce the direct means of regulation, use indirect means to adjust the quantity; Adhere to the market pricing; the supervision of operating behavior should be guided, supplemented by punishment. In the context of network technology upgrading, the combination of the Internet and traditional industries has just begun. There will be more and more emerging industries like ride-hailing, which is the trend of the future economy. At the same time, legalization is just the end of chaos for ride-hailing and sharing economies. But the future development is still opportunities and challenges.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.296

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