交强险保险人的追偿权研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 23:05

本文关键词： 交强险保险人追偿权交通事故受害第三人　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在交通事故频发的今天，机动车责任强制保险越发受到人们的关注，，成为了与大部分家庭的利益紧密相关的重要保险。机动车责任强制保险简称交强险，是具有强制性、政策性和社会公益性的特殊责任保险，大多数国家和地区均立法予以规定。我国的交强险制度发展历程较短，国务院2006年颁布机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例对其进行专项调整，该条例秉承“保障受害第三人获得及时赔偿”的立法目的对保险人的免责事由进行了严格限制，但为防止保险人的责任被过度加重，条例赋予保险人在一定情形下对被保险人的追偿权以转移终局责任，这便是交强险中特有的保险人追偿权。2012年，最高人民法院审判委员会通过了《关于审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》，该解释对交强险中有关保险人追偿权的一些问题做出了修改，更换了追偿对象的称谓，调整了追偿事由的范围。从总体上看，我国交强险相关立法呈现出不断完善的趋势，但在保险人追偿对象及追偿事由的规定上仍有可改进的空间，本文试从这两方面存在的问题着手，希望通过对保险人追偿权的法理基础、具体构成及适用问题的分析寻求保险人追偿权制度的完善之道。文章分为引言、正文和结论三部分，正文又由四部分组成，其结构和大致内容如下：正文的第一部分介绍了保险人追偿权的立法规定，并对我国现行立法中存在的问题进行了梳理。该部分首先介绍了我国立法有关交强险保险人追偿对象及追偿事由的规定。其次，比较分析了德国、日本以及我国台湾地区的相关立法，总结了他们的立法经验。最后，对我国立法在保险人追偿对象及追偿事由上存在的问题进行了归纳，主要包括追偿对象之称谓不合理、被保险人范围较小且构成严苛、追偿事由不完善等。第二部分对保险人追偿权的法理基础进行了探讨，指出保险人追偿权是保险人、被保险人及第三人三方利益博弈的结果。该部分首先分析了对第三人进行利益保护的理论基础，明确了对第三人利益的保护是保险人追偿权得以存在的前提和基础。其次，对保险人利益保护的必要性进行了分析，指出赋予保险人追偿权是保护其利益的必然要求。最后，分析了恶意肇事被保险人的可责性，指出由其承担终局责任的必要性。第三部分讨论了保险人追偿权的具体构成及适用。该部分首先对保险人追偿权的构成要件进行了介绍，继而分析了保险人追偿权的适用问题，即在确定保险人追偿对象及追偿事由时所应当考虑的因素，主要包括与侵权责任法的衔接、被保险人的主观心理、被保险人的行为后果等。第四部分针对正文第一部分所提出的问题，提出了四点完善意见，即：增加保险人追偿权之设立目的的规定；适度扩大追偿对象的范围；补充追偿事由；修订法条间不相协调之处。
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance has become an important insurance closely related to the interests of most families. The special liability insurance of policy and public welfare is stipulated by most countries and regions. On 2006, the State Council promulgated the regulations on compulsory Insurance for Motor vehicle Traffic Accidents, which strictly restrict the insurer's exemption from liability in accordance with the legislative purpose of "ensuring the third party being injured to receive prompt compensation." However, in order to prevent the insurer's liability from being excessively aggravated, the Ordinance gives the insurer the right of recourse against the insured under certain circumstances in order to transfer the final liability, which is the right of recourse of the insurer unique to the traffic insurance. 2012, The trial Committee of the Supreme people's Court adopted the "interpretation on some issues applicable to the Law applicable to hearing cases of compensation for damages caused by Road Traffic Accidents", which modified some of the issues concerning the insurer's right of recourse in traffic compulsory insurance. The title of the object of recovery has been changed and the scope of the subject matter of recovery has been adjusted. On the whole, the relevant legislation on traffic insurance in China has shown a trend of continuous improvement, but there is still room for improvement in the provisions on the object of recovery and the reason for recovery by the insurer. This paper tries to start with the problems in these two aspects, hoping to seek the perfect way of the insurer's right of recourse system through the analysis of the legal basis, the concrete constitution and the application of the insurer's right of recourse. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is composed of four parts. Its structure and content are as follows:. The first part of the text introduces the legislative provisions of the insurer's right of recourse. In this part, the author first introduces the provisions of the legislation on the object and cause of recovery by the traffic insurance insurer. Secondly, it compares and analyzes Germany. The relevant legislation of Japan and Taiwan region, summarized their legislative experience. Finally, the author summarized the problems in the object and cause of recovery of the insurer in our legislation, mainly including the unreasonable appellation of the object of recovery. The scope of the insured is relatively small and constitutes harsh, and the cause of recovery is imperfect. The second part discusses the legal basis of the insurer's right of recourse, and points out that the insurer's right of recourse is the insurer. This part analyzes the theoretical basis of the protection of the interests of the third party, and clarifies that the protection of the interests of the third party is the premise and basis for the existence of the insurer's right of recourse. This paper analyzes the necessity of the protection of the insurer's interests and points out that it is the inevitable requirement to protect the interests of the insurer by endowing the insurer with the right of recourse. Finally, the author analyzes the responsibility of the insured who caused the malicious accident and points out the necessity for the insurer to bear the ultimate responsibility. The third part discusses the specific composition and application of the insurer's right of recourse, which first introduces the constitutive elements of the insurer's right of recourse, and then analyzes the application of the insurer's right of recourse. That is to say, the factors that should be considered in determining the object and cause of recovery include the connection with the law of tort liability, the subjective psychology of the insured, the consequences of the insured's behavior, and so on. According to the problems raised in the first part of the text, the 4th part puts forward four suggestions, that is, to increase the purpose of the insurer's right of recourse, to expand appropriately the scope of the object of recovery, to supplement the cause of recovery; Amendments to the law do not harmonize with each other.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.284

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