司法解散公司事由的实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 23:08

本文选题：司法解散公司　切入点：公司僵局　出处：《法学研究》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：关于一份解散之诉裁判书样本的实证分析发现,被解散公司的"经营管理困难"实质指向"管理困难"而非"赢利困境",管理困难的根源在于封闭型中小公司的股东人合性障碍导致的治理失灵。据此,将解散之诉的本质定位于治理失灵后的司法权介入,给予部分(少数)股东退出公司的低成本路径,更具立法论上的解释力,也得到裁判实务的经验支持。公司治理失灵的具体表象包括对立股东控制权势均力敌下的公司僵局与对立股东控制权势力悬殊下的股东压制,与此相对应,司法解散公司的事由也存在公司僵局与股东压制的二元化格局。公司僵局在立法论上被视为解散之诉的唯一事由,与裁判现实并不符合,但由于缺乏立法的明确规定等缘由,股东压制作为解散事由的事实在裁判中被淹没与压抑了。相关规范分析与实证研究都发现,将中国式股东压制也即"严重的复合性股东权侵害"添列为解散公司的事由,在我国存在现实的裁判规则方面的需求。由此,我国公司法应构建司法解散公司事由的"二元"格局,涵盖封闭型公司人合性障碍的所有情形,为股东提供更具实效的救济。
[Abstract]:An empirical analysis of a sample of a decision on the dissolution of a complaint shows that, The essence of "management difficulties" of dissolved companies is "management difficulties" rather than "profit difficulties". The root of management difficulties lies in governance failure caused by shareholders' interpersonal barriers in closed small and medium-sized companies. The essence of dissolution action is defined as the intervention of judicial power after governance failure, giving some (minority) shareholders the low cost path to withdraw from the company, which has more explanatory power in legislative theory. The concrete manifestations of corporate governance failure include the corporate deadlock under the equal control of the opposing shareholders and the suppression of shareholders under the extreme disparity of the power of control of the opposing shareholders. The cause of judicial dissolution of a company also has a dualistic pattern of corporate deadlock and shareholder repression. The corporate deadlock is regarded as the sole cause of the dissolution action in the legislative theory, which does not accord with the reality of the judge, but due to the lack of clear provisions in the legislation, and so on. The fact that shareholder repression is the cause of dissolution has been inundated and repressed in the judgment. Relevant normative analysis and empirical research have found that Chinese shareholder repression, that is, "serious complex infringement of shareholders' rights", is added to the cause of dissolution of a company. Therefore, the company law of our country should construct the "dualistic" pattern of the reasons for judicial dissolution of the company, covering all the circumstances of the obstacles of the closed company, and providing more effective relief for the shareholders.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学民商经济法学院;
【基金】：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队(16CXTD01)暨校级人文社科项目“民法总则制定中的商事主体立法研究”(15ZFZ82007)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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