我国出租汽车市场的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 05:21

本文选题：出租汽车　切入点：数量规制　出处：《江西财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：截止到2013年我国出租汽车运营车辆约为133.52万辆,并以年均3%的速度增长。出租汽车已成为保障城市交通运输有序运行,与百姓日常生活紧密相关的重要服务行业。然而在快速发展的同时,出租汽车市场的诸多问题逐渐浮现。近些年来,各地的出租汽车司机集体罢运事件层出不穷,“黑车”现象屡禁不止,拒载事件频频发生,“打车难”问题,打车软件之争,专车非法经营等。出租汽车是准公共物品,为了取得更为经济的资源配置效果与效率,政府应进行干预,但是程度有待磋商,过度干预将导致市场缺乏竞争。国外出租汽车市场形成了自己的特色。英国出租汽车可借道公交专线,日本出租汽车以优质服务与高昂价格闻名于世,美国各州政府对出租汽车实施不同的规制方式。在我国,出租汽车市场的发展经历了计划经济的短缺阶段,改革开放的高速发展阶段,以及现在的严格规制阶段。政府对出租汽车市场的规制包括数量规制、费率规制、服务与安全标准规制。数量规制导致出租汽车行业运力不足,约有四成的消费需求不能得到满足,同时数量规制使出租汽车市场形成垄断效益,部分出租汽车司机选择性提供服务,使得高峰时段出现拒载的现象。出租汽车市场供不应求,但由于数量限制,新的投资者选择铤而走险,形成“黑车”群体。固定费率制度导致出租汽车市场缺乏创新。出租汽车市场乘客与驾驶员之间信息不对称,政府出于对消费者保护的目的制定费率,然而固定费率使出租汽车司机与公司只提供单一服务,不能满足消费者多元化的消费需求。政府对出租汽车行业服务与安全标准规制是必要的。规定出租汽车司机的驾驶水平、出租汽车的质量等保障了乘客的人身安全。政府规制的目标是帮助市场形成一种健康有序的竞争环境,有序的竞争能够推动创新,让市场在资源配置中发挥更好的作用。出租汽车行业出现打车软件与“专车”这些新事物,政府应正确疏导。我国各个地区的城市交通运输体系发展不一,居民消费水平不同,各地应因地制宜放松数量规制,实行灵活费率制度促进出租汽车市场提供多元化的服务,实施严格且必要的服务与安全标准规制。同时健全完善城市公共交通体系,创新出租汽车运营模式。
[Abstract]:By 2013, there were about one million three hundred and thirty-five thousand and two hundred taxi vehicles in our country, with an average annual growth rate of 3%. Taxi has become a guarantee for the orderly operation of urban transportation. An important service industry closely related to the daily life of the people. However, with the rapid development of the taxi market, many problems have emerged. In recent years, Taxi drivers' collective strike incidents in various places have occurred one after another, the phenomenon of "black cars" is repeatedly prohibited, the frequent incidents of refusing to take a ride, the problem of "hard to take a taxi", the dispute over taxi hailing software, the illegal operation of special cars, and so on. Taxis are quasi-public goods. In order to achieve a more economical allocation of resources and efficiency, the government should intervene, but to a degree that remains to be negotiated. Excessive intervention will lead to a lack of competition in the market. The foreign taxi market has developed its own characteristics. British taxis can take advantage of bus lanes, and Japanese taxis are famous for their quality services and high prices. In our country, the development of taxi market has experienced the stage of shortage of planned economy and the stage of rapid development of reform and opening up. The regulation of taxi market includes quantity regulation, rate regulation, service regulation and safety standard regulation. About 40% of the consumer demand can not be satisfied. At the same time, the quantity regulation makes the taxi market become a monopoly benefit, some taxi drivers selectively provide services, which makes the peak period appear the phenomenon of refusing to load. The taxi market is in short supply. However, due to the limitation of quantity, new investors choose to take the plunge and form a "black car" group. The fixed rate system leads to a lack of innovation in the taxi market. The information between passengers and drivers in the taxi market is asymmetric. The government sets rates for consumer protection, whereas fixed rates allow taxi drivers and companies to provide only a single service. It is necessary for the government to regulate the service and safety standards of the taxi industry. The goal of government regulation is to help the market to form a healthy and orderly competitive environment, orderly competition can promote innovation. Let the market play a better role in the allocation of resources. New things like taxi hailing software and "special cars" appear in the taxi industry, and the government should properly direct them. The urban transportation system in various regions of our country is developing differently, and the level of residents' consumption is different. All localities should relax their quantitative regulations according to local conditions, implement a flexible rate system to promote the taxi market to provide diversified services, implement strict and necessary regulations on services and safety standards, and improve the urban public transport system. Innovative taxi operation mode.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.296

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