P2P网络借贷平台民事法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 08:38

本文选题：P2P网络借贷平台　切入点：民事法律　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2007年拍拍贷网贷平台出现后,我国P2P网络借贷行业进入起步与发展的阶段。2013年左右,政府提倡"互联网金融创新",鼓励"普惠金融",为P2P网络借贷平台的发展提供了宽松的政策环境。这一时期,P2P网络平台在运营方式不断变化的同时也实现了快速扩张。但同时由于法律空白,监管缺失以及我国信用体系不健全等因素,P2P网络借贷行业在快速发展的同时也沉淀了行业风险。尤其到2014年以后,频频出现P2P网络借贷平台倒闭、提现困难以及经营者卷款跑路的情况,整个行业进入风险积聚和爆发期。因此,如何化解P2P网络借贷行业的困境成为监管者、从业者以及研究者共同关注的问题。根据文献研究,现阶段的科研成果虽然对P2P网络借贷困境的成因有不同结论,但"法律空白导致监管缺位"已成为网贷市场风险爆发的公认因素之一。目前针对P2P网络借贷法律监管缺失的研究已有不少,这些研究主要集中在刑法领域和经济法领域,主要从经济犯罪的认定、预防角度或者从行政监管的角度阐述P2P网络借贷困境的成因及解决方法,而在民事法律领域,P2P网络借贷的研究相对较少。其中大部分民事法律方面的研究,多散见于各级法院的调研文章及案例分析,系统性和全面性有所欠缺。民事法律研究之所以缺乏,一是由于P2P网络借贷野蛮生长,行业急需刑法和行政法律稳定秩序;二是由于P2P网络借贷平台性质未定,在"互联网金融创新"背景下,法院难以对平台进行民事法律关系的界定。但2016年8月《P2P网贷风险专项整治工作实施方案》和《网络借贷信息中介机构业务活动管理暂行办法》(以下称《管理办法》)出台后,P2P网络借贷平台被定性为信息中介,债权转让等具有信用中介性质的业务被禁止,这为P2P网络借贷民事法律研究创造了条件。民事法律不仅体现参与者自由平等协商,还具有国家强制力保障实施,兼具行业资自律规范与刑法、行政法律的双重优势。除此之外,民事法律贯穿P2P网络借贷法律治理模式的各个阶段,有效促进了国家立法和行业自律规范的良性互动,具有独特的作用。可以预测,P2P网络借贷行业在秩序稳定后,民事法律的作用会逐渐上升,对整个行业健康长效发展产生积极意义。这也是本文选取民事法律作为研究视角的原因。针对P2P网贷平台存在的民事法律问题,本文在搜集调研材料和案例分析的基础上,分析了 P2P网贷平台"信息中介"的性质,重点选取借贷居间法律关系、债权转让法律关系、担保法律关系及侵权责任四个方面,对涉及到的民事法律关系进行分析并对存在的法律问题提出见解。本文主体有三个部分,分别对应三章。第一章第一节主要是对P2P网络借贷平台概念及特点进行评述,进而从平台运营方式的角度对网贷平台现状加以阐述;第二节梳理了 P2P网贷平台的发展历程,简要分析了 P2P起步、发展、遇困的原因;第三节重点论述P2P网络借贷平台的法律性质,就《管理办法》将P2P网络借贷平台定性为"信息中介"的内在原因提出自己的见解;总的来说,第一章明确了P2P网络借贷平台信息中介的性质,并侧面暗示了 P2P网络借贷平台不同运营模式的发展前景。第二章第一节梳理了 P2P网络借贷领域现行的刑事法律、行政法律、民事法律及行业自律规范;第二节从P2P网络借贷法律治理模式的角度阐释了民事法律对平台的意义;由此可见,第二章承接第一章,在P2P网络借贷平台"信息中介"的前提下,阐述民事法律对网贷行业健康长效发展具有的积极作用。第三章选取P2P网络借贷平台四个主要民事法律问题进行分析,进而提出完善意见;第一节从案例出发阐述居间法律关系中P2P网贷平台信息披露义务现状,并从"平台信息披露范围民事法律规制"和"虚假信息披露民事责任"二个方面提出法律完善建议;第二节通过案例讨论了 P2P网络借贷中债权转让民事行为法律效力的问题,进而提出在《管理办法》出台后,从发展出借人债券转让市场和有条件赋予P2P网络借贷平台诉讼主体地位两个方面拓宽债券转让空间的建议;第三节阐述传统担保形式在P2P网络借贷领域的缺陷并相应提出发展融资性担保的建议;第四节着眼于P2P网络借贷平台对其它网贷参与人的优势地位,在借鉴《侵权责任法》相关条文及完善电子证据程序的基础上,通过民法责任的配置和认定,实现网络借贷的法律公平。限于P2P网络借贷市场数据获取的限制,本研究在理论假设和实证检验方面还存在不足。随着P2P网络借贷市场秩序逐渐稳定,民事法律实践也会随着新一轮更高层次的互联网金融创新而不断丰富,这也是未来进一步研究的方向,本文以期为P2P网络借贷民事法律研究做出些许贡献,促进P2P网络借贷平台的创新和完善。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of a pat on the loan in 2007 net loan platform, network lending industry in China entered the initial stage of development of P2P and.2013 years, government to promote internet financial innovation, encourage financial inclusion, provided a favorable policy environment for the development of P2P network lending platform. During this period, P2P network platform in operation the changing at the same time to achieve a rapid expansion. But at the same time, because of the legal gaps, lack of supervision, China's credit system is not perfect and other factors, P2P network lending industry also precipitated the industry risk at the time of fast development. Especially after 2014, frequent P2P network lending platform collapse, the situation difficult to cash and operators escaped run away, the whole industry into the risk accumulation and the outbreak period. Therefore, how to resolve the plight of the industry to become the P2P network lending regulators, practitioners and researchers together according to the issues of concern. The literature research, present research results although causes of P2P network lending difficulties have different conclusions, but the legal gaps lead to the absence of regulation "has been recognized as one of the factors of net loan market risk of the outbreak. The current study for the P2P network lending legal lack of supervision has been reduced, these studies are mainly concentrated in the field of criminal law and economy law, mainly from the identification of economic crime, causes prevention perspective or P2P network lending difficulties described from administrative supervision perspective and solutions, and in the field of civil law, the research of P2P network lending is relatively less. Most of the research on civil law which is widely scattered in the investigation and case analysis of the courts, system and comprehensive enough. The reason for the lack of research on civil law, one is the P2P network lending industry in urgent need of barbaric growth, criminal law and administrative law and stable order; two Due to uncertain P2P network lending platform, Internet financial innovation in the background, it is difficult for the court platform defines the civil legal relationship. But in August 2016 > after the introduction of management measures) P2P, network lending platform has been characterized as information intermediary, credit transfer credit intermediary with the nature of the business is prohibited, which creates conditions for the research of P2P network lending civil law. Civil law is not only reflected by the participants from equal consultation, also has a national force to guarantee the implementation of industry self-regulation, both capital and the dual advantage of administrative criminal law the law. In addition, each stage of civil legal through P2P network lending legal governance mode, effectively promote the national legislation and self-discipline industry norms of mutual Still, it has a unique role. We can predict that P2P network lending industry in order after the role of civil law will gradually rise, have a positive significance for the entire industry healthy long-term development. This is also the selection of civil law as the research perspective in this paper. According to the civil legal issues P2P net loan platform based on the existing. The collection and analysis of research materials and cases, analyzes the nature of the P2P net loan platform information intermediaries, focuses on lending intermediary legal relationship, the legal relation of creditor's right, the four aspects of guarantee legal relationship and tort liability, analyzes the civil legal relationship involved and put forward the opinion on the legal problems of the main body of this paper. There are three parts, corresponding to the three chapter. The first section of the first chapter is mainly on the P2P network lending platform concept and characteristics, and then from the platform operation mode of flat net loan The second section expounds the status of Taiwan; summarizes the development of P2P net loan platform, this paper analyzes the P2P start, development, encounter difficulties reason; the legal nature of the third section focuses on the P2P network lending platform, on the "measures on the administration of internal causes of P2P network lending platform as a" information intermediary "put forward their own opinion; in general, the first chapter defines the nature of the P2P network lending platform of information intermediaries, and the side implies that the development prospect of P2P network lending platform in different operating modes. The first section of the second chapter combs the current criminal field of P2P lending law, administrative law, civil law and self-discipline norms; the second section explains the meaning of civil law to the platform from the P2P network lending legal governance perspective; thus, the second chapter, based on the P2P network lending platform" information intermediary ", describes the civil law Has a positive effect on the healthy long-term development of net loan industry. The third chapter selects the P2P network lending platform four main legal problems are analyzed, and then put forward suggestions; the first section starting from the case on duty status of P2P net loan platform intermediary information disclosure legal relationship, and from the "platform of information disclosure scope of civil legal regulation" and "the false information disclosure of civil liability" two aspects put forward the legal suggestions; the second section through the case discusses the legal effect of civil behavior assignment problem in P2P network lending, and puts forward the measures on the administration of the "after the introduction, from the development of bond market and the lender transfer conditions gives the P2P network lending platform lawsuit status two widening the bond transfer space is proposed; the third section introduces the defects of traditional guarantee form in the field of P2P lending and put forward the development of the financing guarantee The fourth section focuses on the suggestions; P2P network lending platform in net loan to other dominant position, on the basis of "tort liability law and related provisions > perfect electronic evidence procedures, through the civil law responsibility allocation and determination of network lending legal fairness. For the limitation of P2P lending market to the limit of data, the research on the theoretical hypothesis and empirical test is still inadequate. With the P2P network lending market order gradually stabilized, civil law practice also with the Internet financial innovation of a new round of higher level and continuously enriched, which is the future direction of further research, this paper in order to study the P2P network lending civil law and make a little contribution. To promote the innovation and improvement of the P2P network lending platform.

【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

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