海洋倾废损害赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 22:38

本文选题：海洋倾废　切入点：污染损害赔偿责任　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类对海洋空间与资源不断的开发利用,造成的海洋环境污染也日趋严重。海洋倾废作为海洋环境污染方式的一种,相关侵权的索赔案件也日渐增多。但我国有关海洋倾废损害赔偿的制度并不完善,实践中存在着诸多问题,如责任构成要件存在争议、责任主体不清,以及未明确能否适用《海商法》中责任限制的规定等。本文试图从这些问题着手,对海洋倾废的归责原则及构成要件、主体制度,以及赔偿机制进行讨论,以期对问题的解决提供一些思路。第一章为海洋倾废概述,首先对海洋倾废做出界定,再简单论述海洋倾废的特征。在此基础上,将海洋倾废污染损害赔偿责任与其他两种相似的污染源造成的损害赔偿责任进行比较,从而得出海洋倾废污染损害赔偿责任的特殊性,为下文的论述做出铺垫。第二章为海洋倾废损害赔偿的归责原则及构成要件。作者从海洋倾废适用的无过错责任原则入手,分析无过错原则对海洋倾废的重要意义。其后,对于法律规定的环境侵权的责任减免事由,作者将对其在海洋倾废中的适用展开论述。再次,对海洋倾废损害赔偿的构成要件,即致害行为、损害事实、因果关系,作者将结合其在实践中存在的争议进行讨论。第三章为海洋倾废污染损害的主体制度。作者从权利主体和责任主体两个方面进行论述。首先,由海洋倾废可能造成的损害得出索赔的权利主体,并对其索赔依据进行讨论。其次,结合责任主体的确定在实践中存在的问题,将污染者责任的承担分成对外承担和内部划分两个层面,从内外两个角度提出相关问题的解决对策,以期使责任主体的责任更加明确。第四章为海洋倾废的赔偿范围及方式。因海洋倾废存在工具性这一特征,因而其侵权损害的赔偿范围包括全额赔偿和限额赔偿两种。对于限额赔偿,作者将从实践中出现的争议出发,讨论以船舶作为倾废工具的船舶倾废损害赔偿是否适用海事赔偿责任限制。再对海洋倾废适用保险制度、基金制度以及其他赔偿方式的可行性展开讨论,以期建立多元化的海洋倾废损害赔偿机制。第五章为完善我国海洋倾废损害赔偿制度的建议,首先,作者对引言中提到的实践中出现的相关问题进行回顾,总结存在的问题。其次,从侵权责任法律体系和索赔救济法律体系两个角度对海洋倾废相关制度的建立提出建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploitation and utilization of marine space and resources by human beings, the marine environment pollution is becoming more and more serious. However, the system of marine dumping damage compensation in China is not perfect, and there are many problems in practice, such as the dispute of liability constitution, the unclear liability subject, the related tort claim cases are also increasing, but the system of marine dumping damage compensation in our country is not perfect, and there are many problems in practice. And whether the limitation of liability in Maritime Law can be applied or not is not clear. From these problems, this paper attempts to discuss the imputation principle and constitutive elements of ocean dumping, the subject system, and the compensation mechanism. In order to provide some ideas for the solution of the problem. The first chapter is an overview of marine dumping, first of all, the definition of marine dumping, and then a brief discussion of the characteristics of marine dumping. Comparing the liability for marine dumping pollution damage with that caused by the other two similar sources of pollution, the particularity of compensation liability for marine dumping pollution damage is obtained. The second chapter is the principle of liability and the elements of marine dumping damage compensation. The author starts with the principle of no-fault liability applied to marine dumping, and analyzes the significance of no-fault principle to marine dumping. The author will discuss its application in marine dumping. Thirdly, the constitutive elements of compensation for marine dumping damage, that is, injurious act, damage facts, causality, will be discussed. The third chapter is the subject system of marine dumping pollution damage. The author discusses it from two aspects: the subject of rights and the subject of responsibility. From the possible damage caused by the dumping of the sea, the subject of the claim is obtained, and the basis of the claim is discussed. Secondly, the problems existing in practice combined with the determination of the subject of responsibility are discussed. The author divides the responsibility of polluter into two levels: external commitment and internal division, and puts forward the solutions to the related problems from the internal and external perspectives. In order to make the liability of the main body of responsibility more clear. Chapter 4th is the scope and method of compensation for marine dumping. Therefore, the scope of compensation for tort damages includes two types: full compensation and capped compensation. For the limited compensation, the author will proceed from the disputes that have arisen in practice. This paper discusses whether the limitation of maritime liability is applicable to the compensation for dumping damage caused by ships as dumping instruments, and then discusses the feasibility of applying the insurance system, the fund system and other forms of compensation to marine dumping. In chapter 5th, in order to improve the compensation system of marine dumping damages in China, the author reviews the related problems in practice mentioned in the introduction. Secondly, from the legal system of tort liability and the legal system of compensation relief, the author puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the relevant system of ocean dumping.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

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