电子银行个人理财业务说明义务研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 13:07

本文选题：电子银行　切入点：个人理财业务　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学技术的进步促进社会不断发展,随之产生的社会问题推动法律制度不断变迁。在金融领域,商业银行凭借密布的基层网点和良好信誉,如火如荼地发展着个人理财业务。信息技术的飞速发展使得人们生活方式发生翻天覆地的变化,现代社会的人们希望可以更高效便捷地进行投资理财,电子银行应运而生。随着财富的不断增加,人们的金融需求呈现多元化特点,投资理财撕下神秘面纱,走入了“寻常人家”,购买理财产品是对单纯储蓄的补充,是管理个人财富的常用手段。但是随着金融技术的发展,理财产品日益专业、复杂。电子银行作为信息技术发展的产物,亦具有极强专业性,其操作技术、风险规避等问题也非日常经验可以解决。普通民众缺乏专业知识,难以获取足够信息以作出符合自身实际的理性抉择。另一方面,对商业银行而言,电子银行既是新的发展机遇,也是新的战场。为占领市场,在利益驱使下,商业银行等金融机构难以主动说明信息。金融消费者权益知情权缺乏有效保障,不利于保持金融消费者信心,长远看,亦不利于金融业持续健康地发展。商业银行拥有大量专业金融人才,具有专业技术设备,是理财产品的设计者、销售者,对理财产品相关信息的占有相对普通民众而言具有绝对优势,要求银行承担说明义务是立法对二者信息不对称的调整和平衡,对于缓解双方不对等交易地位有积极意义。目前,在金融立法中,欧盟、美国、日本等国家放弃原有的分业立法模式,选择了统合立法,这是金融领域混业经营趋势加剧背景下的必然选择。“金融消费者”概念和“金融消费者保护”议题在多国上世纪末本世纪初的金融立法中寻得踪迹,但金融消费者的倾斜保护真正成为各国金融立法的核心是在2008年全球金融危机之后。多国通过调查分析,发现正是对金融消费者的保护不足才最终导致了如此严重的后果,此后,说明义务制度和合格投资者制度成为金融立法的两大核心制度。对欧盟、美国、日本、英国等立法中关于说明义务的说明内容、履行要求等内容的考察研究有助于概括其共同的立法理念和逻辑,其关于说明义务内容规定、责任设置等都可为我国构建电子银行个人理财业务说明义务提供启示与借鉴。个人理财业务中的综合理财业务是金融机构直接向金融消费者提供理财产品,二者之间存在交易合约。电子银行和理财产品均有其专业性、复杂性,从信息对称理论、双方的利益冲突、诚实信用原则、知情权保护、对格式条款的解释说明等多角度可得出银行承担说明义务的必要性和合理性。结合电子银行的具体特点,电子银行环境中的说明义务存在特殊性,是传统银行柜台环境下说明义务的延伸和强化,二者在性质、意义、责任承担方式等方面存在相同之处,但电子银行环境下,说明义务的内容和具体履行方式及标准存在不一样的要求。构建我国电子银行个人理财业务说明义务,应重点解决说明义务的内容、义务具体履行方式、义务恰当履行的确认等基本问题。通过审视银行实践操作中存在的问题,反思我国立法的不足,充分发挥上位法和下位法的协调配合将有助于加强说明义务体系性以及内在逻辑性。同时结合电子银行的操作特点,充分考虑说明内容对金融消费者决策的影响、说明方式是否有效。以此为出发点,在银行说明义务规则完善过程中,基于说明义务对银行的不利益和银行的营利性本质,说明义务不应过度强调倾斜保护,还应有利益平衡考量,在义务规则具体设定中注意义务边界,注意电子银行环境下当事人承担相应义务的成本。同时,充分挖掘电子银行的信息技术特点,围绕自助性、虚拟性探索多元化的说明形式以及履行程度的有效确认方式。最终推出符合信息技术时代特点,符合我国电子银行发展实际的电子银行个人理财业务说明义务规则。
[Abstract]:The progress of science and technology to promote the continuous development of society, social problems arise in promoting legal system changes. In the financial sector, commercial banks with dense grassroots network and good reputation, like a raging fire developing personal financial services. The rapid development of information technology to change people's way of life to turn the world upside down, people in modern society can hope more efficient and convenient for investment banking, electronic banking came into being. With the increase of wealth, people's financial needs are diversified, investment tore into the mystery of "ordinary people", the purchase of financial products is a supplement to the simple savings, is a common means of personal wealth management. But with the development of the financial technology financial products, more professional, complicated. Electronic banking is the product of the development of information technology, also has strong specificity, its operation As a technology, such as risk aversion problem is not the daily experience can be solved. People are lack of professional knowledge, it is difficult to obtain enough information to make a rational choice according to their own condition. On the other hand, for commercial banks, electronic banking is a new opportunity for development, but also the new battlefield. In order to occupy the market, driven by interests. Commercial banks and other financial institutions to take the initiative to explain the information. The financial interests of consumers right to know the lack of effective protection, is not conducive to maintaining financial consumer confidence, the long run, is not conducive to the sustained and healthy development of the financial industry. Commercial banks have a large number of professional financial personnel, with professional technical equipment, is a financial product designer, sellers, possession of financial products the relevant information relative to ordinary citizens has the absolute advantage, require banks to take the obligation is legislation on the two information asymmetry to adjust and balance. To relieve the unequal trading position has positive significance. At present, in the financial legislation, the European Union, the United States, Japan and other countries to give up the original separate legislative mode, choose the integration of legislation, this is the trend of financial mixed operation intensifies the inevitable choice under the background of "financial consumer" and the concept of "financial consumer protection" issues in many countries at the end of the last century financial legislation at the beginning of this century in search of the trail, but inclined to protect financial consumers really become the core of national financial legislation in 2008 after the global financial crisis. Countries through the investigation and analysis, it is found that the lack of protection of financial consumers will eventually lead to such serious consequences, then, that the duty system and the system of qualified investors to become the two core system of financial legislation. The EU, U.S., Japan, on the explanation obligation of legislation in the UK, performance Study on the requirements of content helps to summarize the common legislative philosophy and logic, the explanation obligation provisions, liability setting can be explained the obligation to provide enlightenment and reference to the construction of personal financial business of electronic banking in our country. The comprehensive financial business of personal financial services in the financial institutions to provide direct financial products to financial consumers there, trading contract between the two. The complexity of electronic banking and financial products has its specialty, from asymmetric information theory, the conflict of interests between the two sides, the principle of honesty and credit, the protection of the right to know, the terms of the format to explain the multiple perspectives that banks assume obligation to explain the necessity and rationality. According to the characteristics of electronic banking the electronic banking environment that obligations are special, is under the environment of the traditional bank counter and strengthen the obligation of the extension, the two in the nature, significance, There are similarities in responsibility, but the electronic banking environment, that the content of the obligation and the specific performance and the standard is not the same. The construction of personal financial business of electronic banking in China that obligation, should focus on solving the obligations that the content of specific obligations to fulfill, fulfill the basic problems of compulsory confirmation. The existing problems in the practice of examining banks, reflecting the shortage of legislation in China, give full play to shangweifa and method of coordination will help to strengthen the explanation obligation and system of internal logic. At the same time combined with the operating characteristics of electronic banking, considering the effect of the content of financial consumer decision-making, that is effective at this point, the bank note obligations rules in the process of perfection, obligations that for-profit nature of the bank's interest and bank based on said That obligation should not be over emphasized tilt protection, but also the balance of interests considerations, the duty of care in specific boundary obligation rule set, pay attention to electronic banking environment shall bear the corresponding obligations cost. At the same time, to fully tap the characteristics of information technology of electronic bank, around the self help, virtual explore diversified forms and illustrate the fulfilling degree the effective way to confirm the final launch with information technology. The characteristics of the times, in line with the actual development of the personal financial business of electronic banking electronic banking in China explain obligation rules.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

【参考文献】