空白票据补充权研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 12:39

本文选题：空白票据　切入点：空白票据补充权　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：所谓空白票据,是指出票人对票据除签章外的部分必要记载事项不予记载,便于票据表面签名交付,预设嗣后由他人予以补充记载,并依所补载完成的完全文义而发生票据效力的一种特殊票据。空白票据因节约交易成本、活跃社会经济的优势,现为各国票据法律制度所确立或承认,这就是空白票据制度。而空白票据制度的主干、生命之源便是空白票据补充权。对此,我国现行法律制度几乎没有规定,学界专门而又系统的研究也甚少,因此本文旨在通过对空白票据概念的重新界定及对空白票据补充权性质的深入分析,特别对空白票据补充权授予主体、行使主体、行使范围进行更为深入的探讨,以期采取与我国现有票据制度冲突最小的方法融入空白票据补充权的各项规则,最终实现空白票据的安全顺畅流通。本文主要分为五个部分：第一部分是空白票据概述。首先,通过对空白票据构成要件的梳理,重新界定空白票据概念,并对相关概念进行辨析；然后,依托重构的空白票据概念对空白票据补充权的概念进行界定——本文认为,空白票据补充权是指空白票据相对人基于出票人的授权而享有的、在授权范围内对空白票据所欠缺的必要记载事项予以补充填载,从而使该空白票据成为完全票据的权利；最后,分析空白票据补充权的意义及其性质——本文认为,空白票据补充权的性质并非形成权,也非票据上的权利,而是票据之外的、基于授权而发生的票据法上的权利,属于一种特别权利。第二部分是空白票据补充权之法理解析。本文认为,空白票据补充权之存在基础为“授权说”,即空白票据形成之时,填载票据的权利人为出票人,空白票据补充权只是出票人所让渡的填载权利。第三部分是空白票据补充权取得与行使。本文认为,空白票据补充权之取得标准采“折中说”,即空白票据直接当事人之间取得补充权采“明示标准”,善意持票人取得补充权采“默示标准”；空白票据补充权的行使是除出票人及其代理人外的具备民事权利能力的正当持票人,依照直接前手明示的内容或与直接前手之间的原因关系或交易习惯确定的内容行使或转让空白补充权,可亲自或委托他人一次或分次书面行使；行使期限适用消灭时效,依出票日、到期日的空白与否而有所区别。第四部分是空白票据补充权之法律效力。本文认为,一是补充权行使前的效力：空白票据一经交付,出票人便无权要求返还票据,亦无权撤销或变更补充权之内容；未补充完全绝对必要记载事项之前,持票人不享任何票据权利,但补充权可通过票据流转的方式转让；遗失或被盗后,补充权人可通知付款人挂失止付,也可申请公示催告,之后可在补充权行使期间经过以前,要求出票人补发空白票据。二是空白票据补充权行使后的效力：补充权人正当行使补充权的票据效力与完全票据等同,但依空白票据转让是否遵循规则,效力有所区别；无补充权而为补充的,持票人不享票据权利,亦无利益返还请求权；越权补充的,持票人享有票据权利,但票据债务人可对与自己有直接债权债务关系的、越权补充的持票人行使对人的抗辩；补充不作为的,法律效力视提示票据时未补充事项属于绝对还是相对必要记载事项而有所不同。第五部分是我国有关空白票据补充权之法律现状及立法完善。针对法律现状的不足,本文认为,可先行由最高人民法院颁发司法解释,拓宽补充权行使载体至汇票、本票,扩大内容范围至所有必要记载事项,明确补充权取得标准,填补行使主体、行使方式、行使期限的法律空白,修正补充权行使前后的效力等,为空白票据实践提供法律依据,规范空白票据流转中的各种行为,培养空白票据规范意识；然后,待修改《票据法》的各项条件成熟时,再将相关规定上升至法律。
[Abstract]:The so-called blank bill, refers to the drawer recorded on the bill in the signature part of the necessary items, for surface delivery notes signature, supplemented by others that default records, a special bill according to the completion of the full load up the justice and effectiveness of negotiable instrument. The blank bill for saving transaction costs, active social the economic advantage is established or recognized by the negotiable instrument law, this is a blank bill system. And the system of the blank bill and the source of life is the right to add a blank paper. In this regard, China's current legal system almost no provisions, there are few academic and systemic research, this paper aims to on the blank paper redefine the concept of in-depth analysis on the nature of the right of the blank bill, especially for the complementary right exercise subject to subject, the scope of the exercise, more in-depth exploration In order to achieve the goal of safe and smooth circulation of blank bills, we should take the minimum conflict with our existing bill system into the rules of blank bill supplement rights, and ultimately achieve safe and smooth circulation of blank bills. This paper is mainly divided into five parts.
The first part is an overview of the blank bill. First of all, through the elements of the blank bill review, re define the concept of the blank bill, and discriminates the related concepts; then, defines the concept of relying on the reconstruction of the concept of the blank bill right to add a blank paper, the complementary right refers to the relative person enjoys a blank bill the drawer's authorization based on the items within the scope of authorization of the blank bill lacks to be added to fill, so that the blank bill become perfect negotiable rights; finally, complementary right analysis of the significance and nature -- it is not the complementary right of right of formation, nor the bill on the right, but the bill outside of the negotiable instruments law and authorization based on the right is a special right.
The second part is the jurisprudential analysis of the supplementary right of blank notes. In this paper, the author believes that the existence of the supplemental right of blank paper is based on the "authorization theory", that is, when the blank bill is formed, the right to fill the bill is the drawer of the bill, and the supplemental right of the blank bill is only the right to be filled out by the drawer.
The third part is the complementary right to exercise. This paper argues that the complementary right to obtain standard adopt "compromise" between the parties have the right to add a blank bill directly adopt "explicit standards", bona fide holder has the right to add "implied standard"; the exercise of the complementary right is in the drawer people and their agents abroad have the capacity for civil rights of the legitimate holder, in accordance with the direct express between the front hand and hand before the content or directly cause relationship or transaction practices to determine the contents of the exercise or transfer the right to add a blank, either personally or entrust others once or twice written exercise; prescription for exercise period, in accordance with the the date, the expiry date of the blank or not and different.
The fourth part is the legal effect of the complementary right. This paper argues that the effectiveness of a supplementary right before exercise: blank bill upon delivery, the drawer has the right to request the return of the bill, nor the right to revoke or change the content of the right; before the supplement of essential items, the holder does not enjoy the right of bill the transfer, but added by the transfer of the right of bill; lost or stolen, the right to add people may notify the drawee to stop payment, can also apply for public summons, but after the exercise period through the past, request the drawer to patch the blank bill. Two is the effectiveness of the exercise of the right to fill the blank bill after: the validity of a bill the right to add people exercising right to add equal and complete notes, but according to whether the transfer of the blank bill to follow the rules, the effectiveness of different; without supplementary right as the supplement, the holder does not enjoy the right of bill, also No claim for reinstating interest; ultra vires supplement, the holder has the right of bill, but the debtor can have direct debtor creditor relationship with their own, ultra vires holder on the exercise of the right of defense; not as a supplement, the legal effect as the blank matters of instrument belongs to the absolute or relative necessary items but different.
The fifth part is to improve the legal status and legislation on blank bill in our supplementary right. For lack of legal status this paper that can be made by the Supreme People's Court issued a judicial interpretation, the exercise of the right to broaden the supplementary carrier draft, promissory note, expand the scope to all the necessary items, the right to obtain clear supplementary standards, to fill the exercise the main way of exercise, the exercise period of the legal gaps, correction of complementary rights before and after effect, provide a legal basis for the blank bill practice behavior of blank bill in circulation, cultivation of blank bill standard consciousness; then, subject to the conditions of amending the law of negotiable instruments "when mature, the relevant provisions of the law to rise.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.287

【参考文献】