保险法因果关系判定的规则体系

发布时间：2018-03-29 01:00

  本文选题：保险法　切入点：因果关系　出处：《法学研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：保险法因果关系的判断只涉及责任成立的问题,而同责任范围并无关联。在因果关系能够确定的情形下,应当在类型化基础上适用不同的因果关系判定规则。前后相继型因果关系是英美法中适用效力标准的主力近因规则的前提。同时作用型因果关系中,进一步区分同时独立作用型和同时协同作用型两种型态,前者宜以充分条件为判定规则,后者应以条件说判定因果关系,但由于条件说无法在积极意义上肯定保险责任的成立,故需结合其他责任判断要件判定保险人是否应承担保险责任。介入其他因素型因果关系中,应考察介入原因力得否中断先前因果关系发展型态。在因果关系不明的情形下,应考察当事人对因果关系不明的可归责性,在此基础上借举证责任解决保险责任承担问题。若双方对于因果关系不明均不具归责性,法院可根据具体案情判决保险人按照相应比例赔付。保险人责任承担的判断以保险法因果关系的判断为基础,但仍须结合其他因素认定。
[Abstract]:The judgment of causality in insurance law involves only the question of the establishment of liability, but is not related to the scope of liability. Different rules of causation should be applied on the basis of typology. The successive causality is the premise of the main force rule of effectiveness in Anglo-American law. Further distinguish two types of simultaneous independent action and simultaneous synergism, the former should be based on sufficient conditions as the determination rule, the latter should be based on the condition theory to determine the causal relationship, but because the condition theory can not confirm the establishment of insurance liability in a positive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to judge whether the insurer should bear insurance liability in combination with other elements of liability judgment. In other factor causality, it is necessary to investigate whether the force of intervention can interrupt the former development of causality. In the case of unknown causality, It is necessary to investigate the imputability of the parties to the uncertainty of causality, on the basis of which the burden of proof should be used to solve the problem of insurance liability. If both parties have no imputation for the uncertainty of causality, The court may decide the insurer to pay according to the corresponding proportion according to the specific circumstances of the case. The judgment of the insurer's liability is based on the judgment of the causality of the insurance law, but it must still be determined in combination with other factors.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学法学院;
【基金】：国家2011计划“司法文明协同创新中心”(教技函[2013]26号) 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“保险交易中信息不对称的法律规制研究——以保险消费者保护为中心”(项目批准号:14YJC820057)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D922.284
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本文编号：1678827