我国P2P网络借贷的法律风险控制研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 15:16

本文选题：P2P网络借贷　切入点：法律风险　出处：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：P2P网络借贷作为一种互联网与金融结合的创新金融模式,打破了传统金融机构在资源配置过程中受到的地域及空间限制,在一定程度上改善了金融资源的配置,缓解了中小微企业融资难的问题,成为金融业有力的补充。我国自2007年引入这一模式以来,立马引来一阵追随的热潮。特别是近几年来,P2P网络借贷平台在中国大地上如火如荼的野蛮生长。但是,由于法律制度不健全、征信制度缺失,照搬英美模式的发展路径在我国受到了严重的阻碍。很多创业者为了适应我国的大环境,将P2P网络借贷的模式进行变异与创新,发展出具有中国特色的P2P网络借贷模式。无论是照搬国外的模式还是变异后的模式,由于外部环境及P2P网络借贷多方主体行为不当等因素影响,这一新兴的商业模式面临多重法律风险,得不到健康的发展。为了降低法律风险,促使P2P网络借贷平台走向良性发展道路,对其进行法律风险控制十分有必要。本文在介绍了P2P网络借贷在我国的发展概况、基本模式、法律性质的基础上,研究其存在的法律风险,并根据法律风险产生的原因提出了相应的对策。本文分为三个部分内容:第一部分,详细阐述了P2P网络借贷的基本概况。首先,明确界定了P2P网络借贷的基本概念;然后,分析了P2P网络借贷发展的现状及在我国产生的变异,重点阐述了P2P网络借贷为了适应中国经济环境而产生的变异;继而,着重分析了在我国产生变异后的P2P网络借贷的三种主要模式,分别为纯平台模式、担保赔付模式和债权转让模式,并对各自模式的运营方式及其本质做了简要介绍。最后,论证了我国P2P网络借贷的法律性质。第二部分,分别从环境影响、主体自身状况、P2P网络借贷模式变异三个方面分析了造成P2P网络借贷法律风险的成因。其中环境因素主要包括法律环境的影响、社会环境影响及网络环境的影响三方面;主体身份因素主要包括借款方身份不明及平台定位不清造成的法律风险;行为人行为因素主要包括借款人、贷款人、平台及担保方等几方主体的作为或者不作为带来的后果;P2P网络借贷模式变异分析了担保及债权转让两种方式可能引发的法律风险。第三部分,结合第二章法律风险形成原因,提出针对性的风险控制建议。其中针对环境因素造成的法律风险提出完善P2P网络借贷的法律法规体系、完善我国征信系统和加强借贷双方隐私权保护的建议;针对主体身份因素造成的法律风险提出加强贷前审核、跟踪贷后管理、明确P2P网贷平台的法律性质、加强中间资金账户的管理等建议;针对行为人行为因素造成的法律风险提出切实做好反洗钱工作、建立行业自律组织等建议。针对因P2P网络借贷模式变异引发的法律风险,提出设置差异化的准入条件和差异化的监管政策的风控措施。
[Abstract]:P2P network lending, as an innovative financial model combining Internet and finance, breaks the regional and spatial constraints of traditional financial institutions in the process of resource allocation, and improves the allocation of financial resources to a certain extent. It has alleviated the difficulty of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, and has become a powerful supplement to the financial industry. Since the introduction of this model in 2007, In recent years, especially in recent years, P2P network lending platforms have been in full swing in China. However, due to the lack of a sound legal system, the credit system is missing. The development path of copying the Anglo-American model has been seriously hindered in our country. In order to adapt to the environment of our country, many entrepreneurs have mutated and innovated the P2P network lending model. Develop a P2P network lending model with Chinese characteristics. Whether it is a foreign model or a variant model, due to the external environment and P2P network lending multiple improper behavior and other factors, This new business model faces many legal risks and cannot develop healthily. In order to reduce the legal risk and promote the P2P network lending platform to move toward a healthy development path, It is necessary to control the legal risk of P2P network lending in China. Based on the introduction of the development situation, basic model and legal nature of P2P network lending in China, this paper studies its legal risks. This article is divided into three parts: the first part describes the basic situation of P2P network lending in detail. Firstly, it defines the basic concept of P2P network lending; secondly, it defines the basic concept of P2P network lending. This paper analyzes the current situation of P2P network lending development and its variation in China, and focuses on the variation of P2P network lending in order to adapt to China's economic environment. This paper analyzes three main modes of P2P network lending after variation in our country, which are pure platform mode, guarantee payment mode and creditor's right transfer mode, and briefly introduces the operation mode and essence of their respective modes. Finally, the paper analyzes the three main modes of P2P network lending in China, which are pure platform mode, guarantee payment mode and creditor's rights transfer mode. This paper demonstrates the legal nature of P2P network lending in China. The second part, from the environmental impact, This paper analyzes the causes of the legal risk of P2P network lending from three aspects: the influence of the legal environment, the social environment and the network environment. The subjective identity factors mainly include the legal risk caused by the identity of the borrower and the unclear positioning of the platform, and the behavioral factors of the perpetrator mainly include the borrower and the lender. The consequences of the actions or omissions of several parties such as the platform and the guarantors analyze the legal risks caused by the two ways of guarantee and creditor's rights transfer. The third part, combined with the second chapter, analyzes the reasons for the formation of legal risks. The author puts forward some suggestions for risk control, including perfecting the legal system of P2P network lending, perfecting our credit system and strengthening the protection of privacy rights of both borrowers and borrowers. Aiming at the legal risk caused by the principal identity factors, the paper puts forward some suggestions such as strengthening the pre-loan audit, tracking the post-loan management, clarifying the legal nature of the P2P network loan platform, and strengthening the management of the intermediate fund account. Aiming at the legal risk caused by the behavior factors of the doer, the author puts forward some suggestions, such as doing well the anti-money laundering work, establishing the self-discipline organization of the industry, and aiming at the legal risk caused by the variation of the P2P network borrowing mode. This paper puts forward the risk control measures for setting the access conditions of differentiation and differential supervision policy.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28

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