我国商业银行破产法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 09:53

本文选题：商业银行　切入点：破产标准　出处：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：破产是公司企业市场化退出方式之一,但是到目前为止我国商业银行尚未尝试过破产退出的实践。作为竞逐于市场经济的主体之一,商业银行既有破产可能,又有破产必要。同时,商业银行是特殊的金融企业,其特殊的经济地位和特殊的负债式业务经营特点,使得破产方式的退出有别于一般企业法人。长期以来,我国主要通过行政化措施对问题商业银行采取善后性的补救,其效果并不理想,这种隐形的国家信用支撑在市场化进程中的保障日显乏力。考虑到商业银行破产退出可能引起的系统性风险和金融秩序的动荡,以及存款债权人这一特殊群体利益,有必要对其破产予以法律规整。本文研究思路分为四层逻辑结构:从破产相关的基础理论研习到商业银行破产的现状介绍与问题剖析,再到国外经验的对比分析,最后提出针对我国商业银行破产规范的立法建议。在基础理论方面,对比分析商业银行破产与普通商事主体破产的区别,分析商业银行破产的价值及规范其法律的属性,深入研讨关于商业银行破产的独特性及规范商业银行破产行为的积极意义等;在现状描述和缺陷指出方面,针对规范商业银行破产行为的《企业破产法》和《商业银行法》以及其他相关的法律规章等进行铺陈,并指出规范在操作性上的不足,破产启动困难,预防和救助不畅,主导性不明确等;在引介域外相关经验方面,介绍了美国和英国的特殊商业银行破产法律制度以及特殊的“监管性标准”和破产处置机制,并总结出可供借鉴的一般性做法;在针对适合我国国情的商业银行破产法律制度的改进举措方面,从接管到破产启动和重整程序以及清算程序等处置措施,在标准和主体方面提出具体的改进建议,明确相关标准和主体范围及其权限。本文的创新点在于针对各种措施的启动标准进行量化,提出系列资本档的客观量化标准,规范接管、破产启动、破产宣告的开始,并针对各阶段相关措施和主体间的关系、权限予以明晰,试图从多角度对草拟颁行我国商业银行破产条例提出建设性意见。
[Abstract]:Bankruptcy is one of the ways of corporate market-oriented withdrawal, but up to now, commercial banks in China have not tried the practice of bankruptcy exit.As one of the main bodies of market economy, commercial banks have both bankruptcy possibility and bankruptcy necessity.At the same time, commercial banks are special financial enterprises, their special economic status and special characteristics of debt-type business management, make the exit of bankruptcy different from the general enterprise legal person.For a long time, our country mainly through the administrative measures to the problem of commercial banks to take aftercare remedial, its effect is not ideal, this invisible state credit support in the process of market-oriented protection is increasingly weak.Considering the systemic risk and the turbulence of financial order caused by the bankruptcy exit of commercial bank and the special interest of deposit creditor, it is necessary to regulate the bankruptcy of commercial bank.The research idea of this paper is divided into four logical structures: from the basic theory study of bankruptcy to the introduction and analysis of the current situation and problems of commercial bank bankruptcy, and then to the comparative analysis of foreign experience.Finally, the author puts forward some legislative suggestions for the bankruptcy regulation of commercial banks in China.In terms of basic theory, the difference between bankruptcy of commercial banks and bankruptcy of ordinary commercial subjects is analyzed, the value of bankruptcy of commercial banks and the legal attributes of regulating bankruptcy of commercial banks are analyzed.Deeply discuss the uniqueness of the bankruptcy of commercial banks and the positive significance of standardizing the bankruptcy behavior of commercial banks, etc., in terms of the description of the current situation and the pointing out of defects,To lay down the enterprise bankruptcy law, the commercial bank law and other relevant laws and regulations that regulate the bankruptcy behavior of commercial banks, and point out that the norms are not operable, it is difficult to start bankruptcy, and the prevention and rescue is not smooth,This paper introduces the bankruptcy law system of the special commercial banks in the United States and Britain, the special "supervision standard" and the bankruptcy disposal mechanism, and summarizes the general methods to be used for reference.With regard to the measures to improve the bankruptcy legal system of commercial banks that are suitable for our country's national conditions, from taking over to bankruptcy initiation and reorganization procedures and liquidation procedures, this paper puts forward concrete suggestions for improvement in terms of standards and subjects.Define the relevant standards and the scope of the subject and its authority.The innovation of this paper lies in quantifying the starting standards of various measures, putting forward the objective quantitative standards of series capital files, standardizing the beginning of take-over, bankruptcy initiation and bankruptcy declaration, and aiming at the relationship between relevant measures and subjects in each stage.This paper tries to put forward constructive suggestions on drafting and issuing bankruptcy regulations of commercial banks from various angles.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.92;D922.281

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