欧盟贸易壁垒调查制度中公众参与问题探究

发布时间：2018-04-03 18:40

本文选题：欧盟贸易壁垒调查制度　切入点：公众参与　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着私主体所从事的国际交往无论在贸易量还是贸易份额上所占的比重越来越大,与实际脱节的是WTO争端解决机制或是其他国际贸易规则中缺乏直接赋予私主体参与争端解决的规定。此种情况之下,欧盟贸易壁垒调查制度(Trade Barrier Regulation,以下简称“TBR”)作为一国的国内行政程序赋予了私主体参与到贸易壁垒调查的行政程序中的权利,并起到了连接私主体和WTO争端解决机制的桥梁作用。TBR中引入了私主体参与,不仅仅是为了弥补WTO规则的缺陷,更是后现代背景之下社会存在的各种风险对于行政范式转型的迫切要求,如人权内容的变化、社会团体的增加、政府权力开始向社会回归等都使得政府的角色开始发生变化,政府开始作为促成社会对话和谈判的中介者角色而存在。在TBR引入公众参与的过程中,欧盟产业和欧盟企业都能作为主要的贸易壁垒调查申请主体,其中以代表全行业利益的行业协会为主。与此同时,为了保障公众参与的权利,对于欧盟委员会所作出的决定私主体可以根据欧共体条例申请司法审查。但不可否认的是,任何制度都存在着缺陷,TBR也不例外,尽管其通过制度设计体现了公众参与,也为此指定了相应程序予以保障,但是不论在案件提起申请的难度、证据审查标准、案件的时间跨度上都存在着不利于私主体申请或者及时控制损失的情况。反观同时具备前现代、现代、后现代特点的我国来说,由于社会民主制度和社会整体发展尚未达到西方国家的发展水平,并且传统社会观念根深蒂固,我国《对外贸易壁垒调查规则》尽管在申请路径上体现着公众参与,但是,与TBR相比,不仅在申请路径和程序保障上需要学习TBR的实践经验,对于政府角色的定位和民众的思想观念的更新也是我们值得思考的问题。
[Abstract]:With the increasing proportion of private subjects engaged in international exchanges, whether in terms of trade volume or trade share,What is out of touch with reality is the lack of provisions in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism or other international trade rules that directly endow private parties to participate in dispute settlement.In this case, the EU Trade Barrier Regulation (TBR), as a domestic administrative procedure of a country, gives the private subject the right to participate in the administrative procedure of the TBT investigation.It also acts as a bridge between private parties and the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO. It introduces the participation of private subjects, not only to remedy the defects of WTO rules,It is also the urgent demand for the transformation of administrative paradigm due to the various risks existing in society under the post-modern background, such as the change of human rights content, the increase of social groups, the beginning of the return of government power to the society, and so on, all of which make the role of government begin to change.Government began to exist as an intermediary for social dialogue and negotiation.In the process of introducing public participation into TBR, both EU industry and EU enterprises can be regarded as the main application subjects of trade barriers investigation, among which the industry associations representing the interests of the whole industry are the main ones.At the same time, in order to safeguard the right of public participation, private subjects of decisions made by the European Commission may apply for judicial review under EC regulations.However, it is undeniable that there are defects in any system and TBR is no exception. Although it embodies public participation through the design of the system, it also designates corresponding procedures to guarantee it, but regardless of the difficulty of filing an application in a case,The standard of evidence review and the time span of cases are not conducive to the application of private parties or timely control of losses.On the contrary, our country, which has the characteristics of pre-modern, modern and post-modern at the same time, because the social democratic system and the overall development of society have not yet reached the level of development of the western countries, and the traditional social concept is deeply rooted.Although the rules of Foreign Trade Barrier investigation in China reflect the public participation in the application path, compared with TBR, it is necessary to learn the practical experience of TBR not only in the application path and procedure guarantee, but also in the application path and procedure guarantee.The orientation of government role and the renewal of people's ideas are also worthy of consideration.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D95;DD912.29

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